Recent Brachiopod-Coralline Sponge Communities and Their Paleoecological Significance

Jackson, Jeremy B. C.; Goreau, Thomas F.; Hartman, Willard D.

doi:10.1126/science.173.3997.623

Cited by 171 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Thecideides are very small-bodied brachiopods, and they live cemented to hard substrates, often in cryptic environments like caves ( Jackson et al 1971). They are the last brachiopod order to appear in the fossil record (Figure 2), and there has been much debate regarding their origin and phylogenetic relationships.…”

Section: Ontogeny and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Brachiopoda

Carlson

2016

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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Brachiopods are (perhaps all too) familiar to any geology student who has taken an invertebrate paleontology course; they may well be less familiar to biology students. Even though brachiopods are among the most significant components of the marine fossil record by virtue of their considerable diversity, abundance, and long evolutionary history, fewer than 500 species are extant. Reconciling the geological and biological perspectives is necessary in order to test hypotheses, not only about phylogenetic relationships among brachiopods but also about their spectacular decline in diversity in the end-Permian mass extinction, which permanently reset their evolutionary trajectory. Studying brachiopod ontogeny and development, population genetics, ecology, physiology, and biogeography, as well as molecular systematics and phylogenomics, enables us to better understand the context of evolutionary processes over the short term. Investigating brachiopod morphological, taxonomic, and stratigraphic records over the Phanerozoic Eon reveals historical patterns of long-term macroevolutionary change, patterns that are simply unknowable from a biological perspective alone.

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Section: Ontogeny and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Brachiopoda

Carlson

2016

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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“…Besides limited space, especially the low light availability reduces the capability for photosynthetic organisms such as algae. In this context, it is worth mentioning that cryptic habitats are often inhabited by rather small organisms (e.g., Jackson et al 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphological adaptation of Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott (calcareous green alga) to cryptic microhabitats (Lower Aptian, Spain): an example of phenotypic plasticity

Schlagintweit¹,

Bover‐Arnal

2011

Facies

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Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott is interpreted as a heterotrichale chlorophycean alga with a prostrate and erect system within a well-calcified tissue. Within Lower Aptian coral rubble of the western Maestrat Basin, Spain, it forms thick masses of juxtaposed crusts around the bioclasts. In achieving a rapid and complete encrustation of the available bioclasts, Lithocodium applied several strategies, e.g., filling voids of structured surfaces with a special fabric or forming erect extensions to bridge adjacent substrates. In these deposits, different types of poorly if ever illuminated cryptic microhabitats can be distinguished: (1) existing crypts such as empty shells or structural voids within bioclasts (2) crypts resulting from the complete encrustation of adjacent bioclasts by Lithocodium itself and (3) syndepositionally created crypts, e.g., boreholes produced by lithophagid bivalves. In these cases, Lithocodium developed a poorly calcified structure of large cells with thin microcrystalline walls indicating a high degree of variability (phenotypic plasticity). This cryptic growth stage is interpreted as an adaption to the poorly illuminated crypts (photoadaption) in order to maximize light capture for photosynthesis. The Lower Cretaceous Lithocodium is therefore not per se a cryptoendolithic microorganism, but may show adaptation to develop and survive also in these already existing or newly created niches.

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“…The biomass of this cryptofaunal community might exceed that of the reef surface (Hutchings 1974;Brock and Brock 1977;Meesters et al 1991) and the encrusting biota can cover more than 93% of the available hard substrate (Richter and Wunsch 1999;Richter et al 2001;Scheffers 2005). As a consequence, the competition for space is high in coral cavities (Jackson et al 1971;Buss 1979;Buss and Jackson 1979). Heterotrophic organisms generally dominate the coelobite community because of low light conditions in the cavities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their total volume comprises up to two-thirds of the reef volume (Garret et al 1971;Ginsburg 1983) and their inner surface represents 60-75% of the total available surface of the reef (e.g., Jackson et al 1971;Logan et al 1984;Scheffers 2005). Yet, hardly anything is known about the ecological role of this cryptic habitat in the carbon cycling on the reef.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral cavities are sinks of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

Goeij

Duyl

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

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We studied the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by coral cavities of 50-250 dm 3 at a depth range of 5-17 m along the coral reefs of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, and the Berau area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We found significantly lower DOC concentrations in cavity water compared with ambient reef water. On average, DOC concentrations in cavity water were 15.1 6 6.0 mmol L 21 (Curaçao) and 4.0 6 2.4 mmol L 21 (Berau) lower than in reef water. When the cavities were closed, DOC concentrations in the cavities declined by 22% 6 8% and 11% 6 4% in Curaçao and Berau, respectively, within 30 min. This corresponded to average DOC removal rates per cavity surface area of 342 6 82 mmol C m 22 d 21 in Curaçao and 90 6 45 mmol C m 22 d 21 in Berau. Bioassays showed that bacterioplankton are not responsible for this DOC removal by coral cavities. DOC fluxes exceeded bacterioplankton carbon (BC) fluxes into cavities by two orders of magnitude. On average BC fluxes per cavity surface area were 3.6 6 1.3 mmol C m 22 d 21 (Curaçao) and 1.9 6 1.3 mmol C m 22 d 21 (Berau area). The net DOC removal per square meter of cryptic surface likely exceeded the gross primary production per square meter of planar reef area. We conclude that coral cavities and their biota are net sinks of DOC and play an important role in the energy budget of coral reefs.

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Recent Brachiopod-Coralline Sponge Communities and Their Paleoecological Significance

Cited by 171 publications

References 2 publications

The Evolution of Brachiopoda

The Evolution of Brachiopoda

The morphological adaptation of Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott (calcareous green alga) to cryptic microhabitats (Lower Aptian, Spain): an example of phenotypic plasticity

Coral cavities are sinks of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

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