Recent Approaches in Diagnosis and Control of Mycobacterial Infections with Special Reference to Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies

Evalution of “indirect fluorescent antibody test‟ as potential screening test for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using milk of lactating domestic livestock

“…Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), cause the incurable Paratuberculosis or Johne"s disease, it is an infectious disease of the intestinal tract, primarily infects domestic livestock (Singh et al, 2011;Singh et al, 2014a). It is globally known that milk and milk products made from pasteurized milk of endemically infected domestic livestock contain live MAP bacilli.…”

“…Critical issues in the diagnosis of MAP infection are; endemicity of Johne"s disease, poor specificity of cellular tests, lowered sensitivity of serological tests, infrequent shedding of MAP, fastidious nature of bacilli and high cost of imported kits (Singh et al, 2013). Johnin based allergic field test, lacks sensitivity and specificity and is also well known for false positive reactions (Kalis et al, 2003;Singh et al, 2014a). To address these issues, there is need for continued efforts to develop new diagnostic assays with high sensitivity and specificity.…”

Immunoreactivity to Culture Filtrate Proteins of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in Naturally Infected Goat and Sheep Sera

“…Recent studies have focused on developing improved serodiagnostics using species-specific multiple protein antigens (Singh et al, 2014c). Microfluidics and Lab-on-Chip are some of the recent technologies that can predicate development of laboratory-free diagnostic devices for…”

“…Lower specificity of tests can also be a problem due to the sharing of antigens or epitopes among MAP and other mycobacteria (Collins et al, 1991). Sensitivity of commercially available ELISA kits prepared using protoplasmic antigen has been reported comparatively low, 13.6-33.3% (Singh et al, 2007).Recent studies have focused on developing improved serodiagnostics using species-specific multiple protein antigens (Singh et al, 2014c). Microfluidics and Lab-on-Chip are some of the recent technologies that can predicate development of laboratory-free diagnostic devices for…”

Status of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Infection in an Indian Goshala Housing Poorly or Unproductive Cows Suffering with Clinical Bovine Johne's Disease

“…Inter-species transmission and prolonged survival in environment are crucial factors for control and eradication of the disease (Singh et al, 2010;Larsen et al, 1956;Singh et al, 2012). Major hindrance in eradication of BJD is lack of sensitive tests for detecting infected animals at early stage of disease (Singh et al, 2014b). Cow slaughter is prohibited in India therefore management of BJD is critical for the success of dairy industry in the country.…”