Recent Applications on Dual-Catalysis for C–C and C–X Cross-Coupling Reactions

Abstract

Coupling reactions stand amid the most significant reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. Of late, these coupling strategies are being viewed as a versatile synthetic tool for a wide range of organic transformations in many sectors of chemistry, ranging from indispensable synthetic scaffolds and natural products of biological significance to novel organic materials. Further, the usage of dual-catalysis in accomplishing various interesting cross-coupling transformations is an emerging field in synthetic organic chemistry, owing to their high catalytic performance rather than the usage of a single catalyst. In recent years, synthetic organic chemists have given considerable attention to hetero-dual catalysis, wherein these catalytic systems have been employed for the construction of versatile carbon-carbon [C(sp3)–C(sp3), C(sp3)–C(sp2), C(sp2)–C(sp2), etc.] and carbon-heteroatom (C-N, C-O, C-P, C-S, etc.) bonds. Therefore, in this mini-review, we are emphasizing recently developed various cross-coupling reactions catalysed by transition-metal dual-catalysis (i.e., using palladium and copper catalysts, and by omitting the reports on photoredox/metal catalysis).

Synergistic performance of a new bimetallic complex supported on magnetic nanoparticles for Sonogashira and C–N coupling reactions

“…A look at the development of these reactions indicates their applications in materials science, agrochemical compounds, electronic materials, and polymers area 6 – 8 . For almost two decades, they have significantly influenced drug discovery and medicinal chemistry 9 – 11 .…”

Conjugated Cu-Ni bimetallic complex supported on Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 : An efficient nanocatalyst with synergistic performance for the solvent-free Sonogashira, and C-N cross-couplings

“…As a result, the geometric and electronic properties of the sample can be modified 24,25 . The synergistic effect of both metals improves the catalyst's efficiency and selectivity 10,26 . Nickel is an ideal candidate to serve as a second metal for the following reasons.…”

“…A look at the development of these reactions indicates their applications in materials science, agrochemical compounds, electronic materials, and polymers area [5][6][7] . For almost two decades, they have significantly influenced drug discovery and medicinal chemistry [8][9][10] . Despite the considerable prospects of palladium catalysts in cross-coupling reactions, the high cost and possible toxicity of Pd in these processes remain a scientific challenge 11,12 .…”

“…Besides this, copper plays an essential role in cross-coupling reactions. Its scope and function in the bond-formation processes of C-heteroatom and C-C bonds have considerably increased 10 .…”

Palladium-Catalyzed Acylation Strategies and Their Applications Towards Biologically Relevant Products

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Specifically, palladium metal catalysis has opened new avenues via the construction of C-C/C-X bond. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Various C-H functionalization strategies through directing and non-directing group pathways have been intensively established in recent years. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] In addition, palladium-catalyzed coupling strategies have been featured as the key transformations in successful syntheses of natural products and pharmaceutically active molecules.…”