Recent Applications of Point-of-Care Devices for Glucose Detection on the Basis of Stimuli-Responsive Volume Phase Transition of Hydrogel

Gao, Nailong; You, Hui

doi:10.1007/s13206-021-00001-8

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…Over the past three decades, smart materials based on volume phase transition hydrogels have found many applications as catalyst, smart membranes, actuators, sensors, drug delivery, and microfluidics [ 58 ]. For instance, point-of-care devices for glucose detection were developed based on the volume phase transition of hydrogels induced by glucose [ 59 ]. Because the response rate of the hydrogels is inversely proportional to their size, research directed toward volume phase transition also triggered development of several techniques for the preparation of small hydrogels, i.e., nano- and microgels [ 58 , 60 ], as well as cryogels with superfast responsivity [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Entrant Conformation Transition in Hydrogels

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2021

Gels

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Hydrogels are attractive materials not only for their tremendous applications but also for theoretical studies as they provide macroscopic monitoring of the conformation change of polymer chains. The pioneering theoretical work of Dusek predicting the discontinuous volume phase transition in gels followed by the experimental observation of Tanaka opened up a new area, called smart hydrogels, in the gel science. Many ionic hydrogels exhibit a discontinuous volume phase transition due to the change of the polymer–solvent interaction parameter χ depending on the external stimuli such as temperature, pH, composition of the solvent, etc. The observation of a discontinuous volume phase transition in nonionic hydrogels or organogels is still a challenging task as it requires a polymer–solvent system with a strong polymer concentration dependent χ parameter. Such an observation may open up the use of organogels as smart and hydrophobic soft materials. The re-entrant phenomenon first observed by Tanaka is another characteristic of stimuli responsive hydrogels in which they are frustrated between the swollen and collapsed states in a given solvent mixture. Thus, the hydrogel first collapses and then reswells if an environmental parameter is continuously increased. The re-entrant phenomenon of hydrogels in water–cosolvent mixtures is due to the competitive hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions leading to flow-in and flow-out of the cosolvent molecules through the hydrogel moving boundary as the composition of the solvent mixture is varied. The experimental results reviewed here show that a re-entrant conformation transition in hydrogels requires a hydrophobically modified hydrophilic network, and a moderate hydrogen-bonding cosolvent having competitive attractions with water and polymer. The re-entrant phenomenon may widen the applications of the hydrogels in mechanochemical transducers, switches, memories, and sensors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Entrant Conformation Transition in Hydrogels

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2021

Gels

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“…Phenylboronic acid (PBA) is a chemically synthesized material that has a reversible affinity for compounds containing adjacent hydroxyl groups [ 26 ], so PBA-based hydrogels are affected by most sugars. Con A is a glucose-binding lectin isolated from jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), which exhibits strong reversible affinity for the unmodified pyranose sugar ring at the C-3, C-4, and C-6 positions [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Linearity Glucose Sensor Based on Silver-Doped Con A Hydrogel and Laser Direct Writing

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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A continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system is an ideal monitoring system for the blood glucose control of diabetic patients. The development of flexible glucose sensors with good glucose-responsive ability and high linearity within a large detection range is still challenging in the field of continuous glucose detection. A silver-doped Concanavalin A (Con A)-based hydrogel sensor is proposed to address the above issues. The proposed flexible enzyme-free glucose sensor was prepared by combining Con-A-based glucose-responsive hydrogels with green-synthetic silver particles on laser direct-writing graphene electrodes. The experimental results showed that in a glucose concentration range of 0–30 mM, the proposed sensor is capable of measuring the glucose level in a repeatable and reversible manner, showing a sensitivity of 150.12 Ω/mM with high linearity of R2 = 0.97. Due to its high performance and simple manufacturing process, the proposed glucose sensor is excellent among existing enzyme-free glucose sensors. It has good potential in the development of CGM devices.

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“…Hydrogels are known as super-absorbers for their ability to absorb huge amounts of water and can increase their initial (dry) volume by three orders of magnitude [ 9 ]. Thanks to these properties, hydrogels have a wide range of applications, including personal care (disposable diapers) [ 10 ], agriculture (improving soil water retention) [ 11 ] and bioengineering (self-healing materials) [ 12 , 13 ], in addition to water desalination [ 14 , 15 ]. Hydrogels with controllable features are also known as “stimuli-responsive” materials [ 16 , 17 ] because they can change their properties in response to different external stimuli, such as pH, salinity, or electric fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Phase Transition in Hydrophobic Weak Polyelectrolyte Gels under Compression

Kazakov

Prokacheva

Rud

et al. 2023

Gels

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One of the emerging water desalination techniques relies on the compression of a polyelectrolyte gel. The pressures needed reach tens of bars, which are too high for many applications, damage the gel and prevent its reuse. Here, we study the process by means of coarse-grained simulations of hydrophobic weak polyelectrolyte gels and show that the necessary pressures can be lowered to only a few bars. We show that the dependence of applied pressure on the gel density contains a plateau indicating a phase separation. The phase separation was also confirmed by an analytical mean-field theory. The results of our study show that changes in the pH or salinity can induce the phase transition in the gel. We also found that ionization of the gel enhances its ion capacity, whereas increasing the gel hydrophobicity lowers the pressure required for gel compression. Therefore, combining both strategies enables the optimization of polyelectrolyte gel compression for water desalination purposes.

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Recent Applications of Point-of-Care Devices for Glucose Detection on the Basis of Stimuli-Responsive Volume Phase Transition of Hydrogel

Cited by 18 publications

References 128 publications

Re-Entrant Conformation Transition in Hydrogels

Re-Entrant Conformation Transition in Hydrogels

A High-Linearity Glucose Sensor Based on Silver-Doped Con A Hydrogel and Laser Direct Writing

Modeling the Phase Transition in Hydrophobic Weak Polyelectrolyte Gels under Compression

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