Recent applications of microchip electrophoresis to biomedical analysis

Nuchtavorn, Nantana; Suntornsuk, Worapot; Lunte, Susan M.; Suntornsuk, Leena

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.002

Cited by 101 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…16–21 Due to the short length of microfluidic channels and the high field strengths applied, separations occur quickly and with minimal sample dilution in the background electrolyte. The short timescales characterstic of ME (30 – 180 seconds), also allows for higher throughput compared to other separation methods, such as conventional capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography (LC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring carnosine uptake by RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

et al. 2017

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Carnosine, a dipeptide found in a variety of tissues, is believed to possess antioxidant properties. It serves as a scavenger of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS), which are important stress mediators of pro-inflammatory conditions and can lead to macrophage activation. In this study, intracellular concentrations of carnosine in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were determined using microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection following derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde and cyanide. The method was linear from 25 nM to 5 μM with a limit of detection in cell lysate samples of 65 nM. Using the method of standard additions, the basal intracellular content of carnosine in macrophage cells was determined to be 0.079 ± 0.02 nmol/106 cells. The uptake of carnosine by these cells was then investigated under both physiological and pro-inflammatory conditions. There was a 2.8-fold increase in carnosine uptake for macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ prior to incubation, compared to the controls. This suggests that macrophages may use carnosine uptake as a defense mechanism under pro-inflammatory conditions. Future studies will investigate the role of the carnosine transporter in carnosine uptake and its possible correlation with cell morphological changes observed after stimulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring carnosine uptake by RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

et al. 2017

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“…The use of microscale technology in chemical synthesis, biomedical devices, analytics and point of care diagnostic systems has long been established and continuous to grow at great pace [1][2][3][4][5][6]. This fact is due to the high set of benefits that arise from the use of microscale platforms both at the product development and production stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sucrose Hydrolysis in a Bespoke Capillary Wall-Coated Microreactor

2017

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Abstract:Microscale technology has been increasingly used in chemical synthesis up to production scale, but in biocatalysis the implementation has been proceeding at a slower pace. In this work, the design of a low cost and versatile continuous flow enzyme microreactor is described that illustrates the potential of microfluidic reactors for both the development and characterization of biocatalytic processes. The core structure of the developed reactor consists of an array of capillaries with 450 µm of inner diameter with their inner surface functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde where Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase was covalently bound. The production of invert sugar syrup through enzymatic sucrose hydrolysis was used as model system. Once the microreactor assembly reproducibility and the immobilized enzyme behavior were established, the evaluation of the immobilized enzyme kinetic parameters was carried out at flow rates ranging from 20.8 to 219.0 µL·min −1 and substrate concentrations within 2.0%-10.0% (w/v). Despite the impact of immobilization on the kinetic parameters, viz. K m(app) was increased two fold and K cat showed a 14-fold decrease when compared to solution phase invertase, the immobilization proved highly robust. For a mean residence time of 48.8 min, full conversion of 5.0% (w/v) sucrose was observed over 20 days.

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“…however, it is time and labour intensive upto some extent. Development of wire guided droplet manipulation and computational fluid dynamics has enabled the completion of a PCR reaction of thirty cycles (ideal run time of 2 h) in less than ten minutes 18 . These techniques when employed in biodosimetry could revolutionise the field of radiation dosimetry, with minimising the processing time along with reducing the dependency on trained professionals.…”

Section: Microfluidics and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Integrated Technology: A Potential Tool for Portable Radiation Biodosimetry

et al. 2017

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In the event of a mass radiological or nuclear incident, a large number of individuals would require rapid biodosimetric screening for proper medical care, mitigation and follow-up procedures. Mass radiological triage is critical after any such large-scale event because of the need for Dose assessment of suffered individuals at an early stage. With the increasing probability of such unprecedented incidents around the world, the need for modelling and development of new medical countermeasures for potential future chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear has been well established. Unfortunately, the capacity of most of these methods are still restricted to laboratory establishments due to resource limitations, need of high end expertise or general immobility of bulky instruments required for the same. So far there exists no rapid diagnostic technique that may reliably discriminate levels of ionising radiation exposure based on samples collected at a single time point. In classical clinical settings, complete blood count, particularly the lymphocyte count is based on temporal assessment. The diagnostic ‘gold standard’ in the field of radiation biodosimetry is the dicentric chromosome assay which happens to be highly labour-intensive and extensively time consuming, rendering it inefficient in case of mass casualty situations. Advanced technologies such as microfluidic platform, BioMEMS, μTAS carry the potential to make system highly portable, cost efficient and independent of high skilled expertise. In this review of the latest advances in portable biodosimetry we evaluate our progress and identify areas that still need to be addressed to achieve true field-deployment readiness.

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Recent applications of microchip electrophoresis to biomedical analysis

Cited by 101 publications

References 244 publications

Monitoring carnosine uptake by RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

Monitoring carnosine uptake by RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

Sucrose Hydrolysis in a Bespoke Capillary Wall-Coated Microreactor

Microfluidic Integrated Technology: A Potential Tool for Portable Radiation Biodosimetry

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