Recent applications of biphotonic processes in organic synthesis

Abstract

Organic synthesis mediated by biphotonic processes has gained great momentum in the last five years. Herein, an overview of the existing examples is reported.

Sensitization-initiated electron transfer via upconversion: mechanism and photocatalytic applications

“…recent mechanistic studies of biphotonic excitation in photoredox catalysis, 2,6,8,18,[28][29][30][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] and this seems important for the further rational development of this thriving research area.…”

Purely organic Vis-to-UV upconversion with an excited annihilator singlet beyond 4 eV

“…Several photochemical processes such as water splitting, 1–3 waste-water treatment 4 and the photocatalytic activation of inert molecules 5–7 require more energy than a single visible photon 5,8–13 can provide. In principle, highly energetic UV light could be exploited for all these applications, but the efficient and mercury-free generation of UV light below 320 nm by artificial light sources is challenging 14,15 and the solar spectrum sharply drops in that region.…”

Synthetic Molecular Photoelectrochemistry: New Frontiers in Synthetic Applications, Mechanistic Insights and Scalability

“…While radical ion photocatalysts are a common theme in conPET and e‐PRC chemistries, the focus of this review now turns to recent synthetic applications of the latter. Elegant, synthetic conPET applications are reviewed elsewhere [2e, 4i–k, 11b] …”