Recent Applications of Aggregation Induced Emission Probes for Antimicrobial Peptide Studies

Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being intensively investigated as they are considered promising alternatives to antibiotics where their clinical efficacy is dwindling due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Accompanying with the development of AMPs, a number of fluorescent probes have been developed to facilitate the understanding the modes of action of AMPs. These probes have been used to monitor the binding process, determine the working mechanism and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of AMPs. In particular, with the recent advance of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophores, that show many advantageous properties over traditional probes, there is an increasing research interest in using AIE probes for AMP studies. In this review, we give an overview of AMP development, highlight the recent progress of using fluorescence probes in particularly AIE probes in the AMP field and propose the future perspective of developing potent antimicrobial agents to combat AMR.

Aggregation‐induced emission artificial enzyme (AIEzyme) with DNase‐like activity: Imaging and matrix cleavage for combating bacterial biofilm

“…[23,24] So, AIEgens become a kind of ideal tool for imaging microorganisms, peptides, cancer cells, biological processes, and so on. [25][26][27][28] On the other hand, many AIEgens can also kill planktonic bacteria by photoinduced ROS, photothermal effect, and their own toxicity. [29][30][31][32][33][34] However, they are experts at killing planktonic bacteria rather than antibiofilm, [19,[29][30][31][32] because the biofilm is markedly resistant to environment stresses (such as antibiotics, ROS, and high temperature).…”

Bis(thio)carbohydrazone Luminogens with AIEE and ACQ Features and Their In Silico Investigations with SARS‐CoV‐2

“…Development of AIE in the field of biomedicine has brought huge opportunities for the analysis of bioactive species, diagnosis of diseases by monitoring complicated biological processes, and the elucidation of key physiological and pathological behaviors [1,8] . Several mechanisms of AIE have been proposed, which mainly involve restricted intramolecular rotations (RIR), restricted intramolecular vibrations (RIV), restricted twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT), cis / trans isomerization, etc [4,5,9] . Current long‐term pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (covid 19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) [10,11] completely threatens global public health and thus requires new sensitive and accurate AIEgen based bioprobes and novel drug candidates.…”

“…[1,8] Several mechanisms of AIE have been proposed, which mainly involve restricted intramolecular rotations (RIR), restricted intramolecular vibrations (RIV), restricted twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT), cis/trans isomerization, etc. [4,5,9] Current long-term pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (covid 19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [10,11] completely threatens global public health and thus requires new sensitive and accurate AIEgen based bioprobes and novel drug candidates.…”

The Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptide MPX against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Vitro

“…They are an important part of the body's innate immune system (Andrejko M. et al, 2021). Compared with traditional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides have the characteristics of small molecular weight, good water solubility, good thermal stability, unique antibacterial mechanism, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against clinically resistant strains, and resistance to bacterial resistance (Luu T. et al, 2021). MPX (H-INWKGI-AAMAKKLL-NH2) belongs to the family of bee venom antimicrobial peptides.…”