Recent applications in capillary electrochromatography

Eeltink, Sebastiaan; Rozing, Gerard P.; Kok, Wim Th.

doi:10.1002/elps.200305638

Cited by 92 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…CEC is a hybrid electroseparation technique that combines the ligand selectivity of LC with the high separation efficiency, low sample, and buffer consumption of CE [1][2][3][4]. The same as other chromatographic techniques, column preparation also plays a key role in CEC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel open tubular CEC with tentacle‐type polymer stationary phase functionalized by phenylalanine

Sun

2008

Electrophoresis

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A novel stationary phase with tentacle-type polymer chains with epoxy groups was fabricated for open tubular CEC. The fabrication procedure of the stationary phase included pretreatment of capillary inner wall, silanization, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-grafted polymerization. The influence of initiator concentration and polymerization time on the resulting polymer stationary phase was studied by measuring EOF mobility and hydrophobicity of the prepared capillary column. SEM showed that the capillary inner wall was evenly coated with a polymer film showing a wrinkly surface. The prepared GMA-grafted stationary phase could be easily modified with different chromatographic ligands by the ring-opening reaction of the epoxy groups. In this study, phenylalanine (Phe) was selected as the ligand. Benzene derivatives and three amino acids were then separated, respectively, using the Phe modified tentacle-type capillary column. As a control, separations were also performed on a monolayer Phe-modified capillary. The tentacle-type polymer stationary phase was found affording stronger retention and better resolution in the separation of benzene derivatives and tryptophan, tyrosine, and Phe mixtures compared with the monolayer stationary phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel open tubular CEC with tentacle‐type polymer stationary phase functionalized by phenylalanine

Sun

2008

Electrophoresis

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] CEC can be categorized into two types: electroosmotic flowdriven CEC and a pressurized flow-driven CEC (pCEC). In the former CEC, the application of either a positive or negative voltage along a column can provide analyte migration toward the column outlet (detector) due to the electrophoretic or electroosmotic flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Gradient Capillary Electrochromatography by Varying the Mobile Phase Composition and Applied Voltage

2008

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Dual-gradient capillary electrochromatography (DG-CEC) was developed to provide superior performance with regard to the separation of ionized analytes; in this method, both the eluent composition and the applied voltage are varied during the separation procedure. As for the gradient in the eluent composition, a shift in the pH is employed to control not only the electrophoretic mobility, but also the retention factor of the analytes. The dual-gradient method was shown to be effective in increasing the resolution and reducing the chromatographic period of ionized analytes. Fourteen kinds of o-phthalaldehyde labeled amino acids were separated within 8 min using DG-CEC with multistage enlargement in the applied voltage. The separation efficiency increased particularly for highly retained amino acids in the dual-gradient, as compared to those in the ordinary single-gradient for the eluent.

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“…The selectivity is controlled by appropriate interactions between analytes and stationary phase during the run [11][12][13]. Different approaches have been used in order to retain the stationary phase into the capillary, e.g., the stationary phase (i) can be bonded to the capillary wall, (ii) packed, or (iii) polymerized into a capillary tube [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CEC separation of insect oostatic peptides using a strong‐cation‐exchange stationary phase

Rocco¹,

Aturki²,

D’Orazio³

et al. 2007

Electrophoresis

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The separation of several insect oostatic peptides (IOPs) was achieved by using CEC with a strong-cation-exchange (SCX) stationary phase in the fused-silica capillary column of 75 mm id. The effect of organic modifier, ionic strength, buffer pH, applied voltage, and temperature on peptides' resolution was evaluated. Baseline separation of the studied IOPs was achieved using a mobile phase containing 100 mM pH 2.3 sodium phosphate buffer/ water/ACN (10:20:70 v/v/v). In order to reduce the analysis time, experiments were performed in the short side mode where the stationary phase was packed for 7 cm only. The selection of the experimental parameters strongly influenced the retention time, resolution, and retention factor. An acidic pH was selected in order to positively charge the analyzed peptides, the pI's of which are about 3 in water buffer solutions. A good selectivity and resolution was achieved at pH ,2.8; at higher pH the three parameters decreased due to reduced or even zero charge of peptides. The increase in the ionic strength of the buffer present in the mobile phase caused a decrease in retention factor for all the studied compounds due to the decreased interaction between analytes and stationary phase. Raising the ACN concentration in the mobile phase in the range 40-80% v/v caused an increase in both retention factor, retention time, and resolution due to the hydrophilic interactions of IOPs with free silanols and sulfonic groups of the stationary phase.

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Recent applications in capillary electrochromatography

Cited by 92 publications

References 134 publications

Novel open tubular CEC with tentacle‐type polymer stationary phase functionalized by phenylalanine

Novel open tubular CEC with tentacle‐type polymer stationary phase functionalized by phenylalanine

Dual-Gradient Capillary Electrochromatography by Varying the Mobile Phase Composition and Applied Voltage

CEC separation of insect oostatic peptides using a strong‐cation‐exchange stationary phase

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