Recent and Tertiary Fluvial Carbonates in Central Spain

Ordóñez, S.; Cura, María Ángeles García del

doi:10.1002/9781444303773.ch39

Cited by 53 publications

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“…We studied micromorphological characteristics by polarized light microscopy (e.g. Irion and Muller, 1968;Chafetz and Folk, 1984;Ordóñez and García del Cura, 1983;Ordóñez et al, 1986;Julià, 1983;Heiman and Sass, 1989;Viles and Goudie, 1990;Freytet, 1997). Mineralogy of the tufa deposits was characterized by X-ray diffraction (Phillips PW 1729 diffractometer).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pedley, 1987Pedley, , 1990Ford and Pedley, 1996) and tufa facies (e.g. Buccino et al, 1978;Ordóñez and García del Cura, 1983;Pedley, 1990) were analysed. From the bottom to the top of the stratigraphic sections different samples of the observed facies were taken.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The moss facies and micromorphologies indicate high-flow, turbulent water environments. The development of charophyte algae indicates shallow active channels with low energy and without suspended load (Ordóñez and García del Cura, 1983).…”

Section: Sedimentary Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This content is controlled by the environmental and climatic conditions that, at the same time, determine the soil activity and the rate of karstic solution processes. The available dissolved calcium carbonate is the source of supply of physico-chemical and biogenic calcite, precipitated respectively by mechanical and biological outgassing of water (Julià, 1983;Ordóñez and García del Cura, 1983;Ordóñez et al, 1990Ordóñez et al, ,1997Viles and Goudie, 1990;Pedley, 1992;Ford and Pedley, 1996;Pedley et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Climatic and tectonic significance of Late Pleistocene and Holocene tufa deposits in the Mijares River canyon, eastern Iberian Range, northeast Spain

Peña

Sancho

Lozano

2000

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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The tufa deposits developed in the Mijares River canyon at the eastern sector of the Iberian Range were studied by using geomorphological, stratigraphic, micromorphological, mineralogical and chronological (U/Th and 14 C) techniques. These tufas are located along a high-gradient river profile reach, with high water turbulence and mechanical outgassing, related to Quaternary faulting activity upstream in the regional context of an extensional tectonic regime. Two stepped and terraced fluviatile tufa structures with large phytohermal barrage frameworks and smaller dammed areas have been differentiated. The first structure, Upper Pleistocene in age (from 200 000 to 50 000 years BP), is made up by two morphosedimentary units reaching 120 m in thickness, and the second one, Holocene in age (10 000-5000 years BP), is 35 m in thickness. These structures record a more or less continuous tufa development with a mean deposition rate ranging between 1 and 5 mm a À1 as minimum. A preferential growth with high biological activity during warm and wet palaeoenvironmental stages (isotopic stages 7, 3 and 1) can be deduced. Thus, neotectonic activity controlled the location along the Mijares River as well as the large thickness of the tufa deposits, whereas warm climatic periods favoured intense tufa activity in the fluvial system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sedimentary Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Climatic and tectonic significance of Late Pleistocene and Holocene tufa deposits in the Mijares River canyon, eastern Iberian Range, northeast Spain

Peña

Sancho

Lozano

2000

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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“…They both form at a break in the slope of running water, are built primarily by carbonate encrustation around plants, and have a similar highly irregular stratification or paucity of stratification. These types of deposits generally have a wedge-shaped overall geometry (Emig, 1917;Marker, 1971;Ordonez and Garcia del Cura, 1983;Pedley, 1987;Love and Chafetz, 1990) with the thickest accumulations at the present or past sites of the falls and/or barriers. The accumulations rapidly thin in both the upstream and downstream directions.…”

Section: Waterfall and Barrier Travertinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Diagenesis of Plitvice Lakes Waterfall and Barrier Treavertine Deposits

Chafetz¹,

Srdoč²,

Horvatinčić³

2007

gpq

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Travertine forms spectacular waterfalls, barriers, and subaqueous finegrained lake-fill accumulations throughout the Plitvice National Park, Croatia, northwestern Yugoslavia. Barrier deposits form dams, behind which, the lakes of the Plitvice complex are situated. Three generations of low-magnesian calcite spar comprise the waterfall and barrier forming travertines. The initial precipitates generally are composed of cloudy, very finely to medium crystalline equant to bladed spar. A later generation is composed of clear, isopachous layers of medium to coarsely crystalline bladed crystals. Additionally, centimeter-thick laminated speleothem-like crusts, composed of clear, bladed to columnar spar, are the common precipitates around micritic accumulations within the older travertine. In comparison, the lake-fill deposits are primarily composed of moderately (recent lake-fill deposits) to well-developed (relict lake-fill deposits) 3-8 ^m calcite rhombohedrons. Petrographie analyses clearly show that cyanobacteria, fungi, and/or other microbial organisms bore into the spar and micritize it. This sparmicritization is pervasive throughout the waterfall and barrier deposits. Bladed spar crystals range from those which are pristine to those whose original bladed morphology can only be interpreted by comparison with laterally adjacent crystals. Individual samples display multiple generations of spar which have undergone various degrees of sparmicritization. Sparmicritization results in a thoroughly micritized accumulation in which evidence of the original spar composition has been completely obliterated.

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A multi‐scale approach to laminated microbial deposits in non‐marine carbonate environments through examples of the Cenozoic, north‐east Iberian Peninsula, Spain

Arenas‐Abad

2021

The Depositional Record

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This contribution focusses on stromatolites and oncolites as tools to seek diverse environmental and climate information at different temporal scales. The scales are: (a) Low frequency, dealing with macroscopic and megascopic scales, and (b) high frequency, involving calendar and solar frequency bands. Two depositional environments are used for this purpose: (a) Fluvial and fluvial–lacustrine, which can develop under high to moderate gradients, and in low‐gradient conditions, and (b) lacustrine, subject to low‐gradient, hydrologically closed lake conditions. Several current and ancient examples in the Iberian Peninsula allow high‐frequency and low‐frequency analyses. Within the wedge‐shaped depositional units that fill the high‐ to moderate‐gradient, stepped fluvial systems, stromatolites form half domes and lenticular bodies, commonly at the wedge front. Oncolites are uncommon. These stromatolites developed in moderate to fast‐flowing water in stepped cascades and rapids. Their geometry and extent reflect the topography of the bedrock and later ongoing growth. In low‐gradient fluvial and fluvial‐(open) lacustrine systems the depositional units are tabular, low‐angle wedge‐shaped and lenticular and have great spatial facies variability. The dominant oncoid and coated‐stem limestones form gently lenticular stacked bodies, developed in wide, low to high‐sinuosity channels within wide tufaceous palustrine areas and small lakes. In the Ebro Basin saline carbonate lacustrine systems, stromatolites form thin planar to domed and stratiform bodies and are associated with muddy‐grainy laminated carbonates and very rare oncolites, together forming ramp‐shaped units that represent the inner fringes of high lake‐level deposits. This geometry reflects low‐gradient lake surface and shallow water conditions. Textural and structural features allow different ranks of laminae and types of lamination to be distinguished. Texture, together with the δ13C and δ18O values of consecutive laminae, are useful in distinguishing environmental and climate changes operating over different time spans. Periodicity analysis of lamination can help to discern any temporal significance in the lamination.

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Recent and Tertiary Fluvial Carbonates in Central Spain

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Climatic and tectonic significance of Late Pleistocene and Holocene tufa deposits in the Mijares River canyon, eastern Iberian Range, northeast Spain

Climatic and tectonic significance of Late Pleistocene and Holocene tufa deposits in the Mijares River canyon, eastern Iberian Range, northeast Spain

Early Diagenesis of Plitvice Lakes Waterfall and Barrier Treavertine Deposits

A multi‐scale approach to laminated microbial deposits in non‐marine carbonate environments through examples of the Cenozoic, north‐east Iberian Peninsula, Spain

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