Recent and Rapid Emergence of W‐Beijing Strains of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>in Cape Town, South Africa

Cowley, Donna; Govender, Dhirendra; February, Bradley; Wolfe, Mary E.; Steyn, Lafras M.; Evans, Joanna C.; Wilkinson, Robert J.; Nicol, Mark P.

doi:10.1086/592575

Cited by 120 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…PGL which has been identified in other Euro-American strains, has been linked to hypervirulence phenotypes in laboratory studies that used macrophages and animal models (Coscolla and Gagneux, 2010;Malik and Godfrey-Faussett, 2005). Furthermore, East Asian isolates have been associated with more severe cavitary disease (Cowley et al, 2008;Parwati et al, 2010;van Crevel et al, 2009). Combined, our data provide evidence to demonstrate that 'modern' lineages particularly East Asian and Euro-America strains evolved non-lethal but aggressive/destructive properties in the lungs which enhanced intergenerational propagation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…We speculate that aggressive/destructive lung damage with which we used PFT as a measure might not be an appropriate measure for virulent among "ancient" strains such as the InoOceanic lineage. Regardless, our data adds to the growing evidence that virulence and host immune response vary considerably between hosts and among different M. tuberculosis lineages and should be considered in design of better TB vaccines (Adams et al, 2011;Brosch et al, 2002;Cowley et al, 2008;Domenech et al, 2005;Homolka et al, 2010;Krishnan et al, 2011;Lamichhane et al, 2005;Parwati et al, 2010;Portevin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Allopatric tuberculosis host–pathogen relationships are associated with greater pulmonary impairment

Pasipanodya

Moonan

Vecino

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Background-Host pathogen relationships can be classified as allopatric, when the pathogens originated from separate, non-overlapping geographic areas from the host; or sympatric, when host and pathogen shared a common ancestral geographic location. It remains unclear if hostpathogen relationships, as defined by phylogenetic lineage, influence clinical outcome. We sought to examine the association between allopatric and sympatric phylogenetic Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages and pulmonary impairment after tuberculosis (PIAT).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Allopatric tuberculosis host–pathogen relationships are associated with greater pulmonary impairment

Pasipanodya

Moonan

Vecino

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…Lineage 2 contains strains that mostly belong to the so-called Beijing family (8,9). This strain family has attracted great attentions due to its global emergence in recent decades (6,7,(10)(11)(12), its tendency to cause disease outbreak (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), and its association with antibiotic resistance (12,18). Experimental and clinical evidences suggest a hypervirulent phenotype of Beijing strains (12,19), and a higher mutation rate compared with other strains (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern East Asian origin and coexpansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family with Han Chinese

Luò

Comas

Luo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

144

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The Beijing family is the most successful genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and responsible for more than a quarter of the global tuberculosis epidemic. As the predominant genotype in East Asia, the Beijing family has been emerging in various areas of the world and is often associated with disease outbreaks and antibiotic resistance. Revealing the origin and historical dissemination of this strain family is important for understanding its current global success. Here we characterized the global diversity of this family based on whole-genome sequences of 358 Beijing strains. We show that the Beijing strains endemic in East Asia are genetically diverse, whereas the globally emerging strains mostly belong to a more homogenous subtype known as “modern” Beijing. Phylogeographic and coalescent analyses indicate that the Beijing family most likely emerged around 30,000 y ago in southern East Asia, and accompanied the early colonization by modern humans in this area. By combining the genomic data and genotyping result of 1,793 strains from across China, we found the “modern” Beijing sublineage experienced massive expansions in northern China during the Neolithic era and subsequently spread to other regions following the migration of Han Chinese. Our results support a parallel evolution of the Beijing family and modern humans in East Asia. The dominance of the “modern” Beijing sublineage in East Asia and its recent global emergence are most likely driven by its hypervirulence, which might reflect adaption to increased human population densities linked to the agricultural transition in northern China.

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“…The changing clinical presentation of TB in South Africa is most likely due to both host genetics and changes in strain lineages. For example, it has been shown that Beijing strains have increased in recent years 47 , and it is possible that other changes throughout the periods covered in this study may have played a role in the changing expressions of the disease. Future research should therefore also consider genotypic analysis of TB strains in skeletal samples with the aim of investigating different lineages, individual strains and diversity of strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The changing face of tuberculosis: Trends in tuberculosis-associated skeletal changes

et al. 2013

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Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in many areas of the world. Previous research suggested that the frequency of bone lesions has decreased in the modern (but pre-antibiotic) period, and that the predominantly spinal involvement have changed to affect other parts of the skeleton, in particular ribs. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bone lesions associated with TB became more or less common in the post-antibiotic period, and if the pattern of skeletal involvement has changed. The skeletons of 147 individuals from South Africa who died from TB were assessed. These were divided into three groups -those dying before 1950 and presumed to have had no antibiotic intervention (n=52); those dying between 1950 and 1985 presumed to have been treated with antibiotics (n=34); and those dying after 1985 where co-infection with 2 HIV and drug-resistant disease emerged (n=61). Overall, 33.3% of all individuals showed signs that could be associated with TB, with corresponding figures in each of the three groups being 21.1%, 38.2% and 41.0%. The increase from group 1 to 3 was statistically significant. Rib lesions are becoming more common, while spinal lesions are decreasing.It may be suggested that patients are surviving for longer due to antibiotic treatment, allowing more time for the development of lesions.

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Recent and Rapid Emergence of W‐Beijing Strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin Cape Town, South Africa

Cited by 120 publications

References 33 publications

Allopatric tuberculosis host–pathogen relationships are associated with greater pulmonary impairment

Allopatric tuberculosis host–pathogen relationships are associated with greater pulmonary impairment

Southern East Asian origin and coexpansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family with Han Chinese

The changing face of tuberculosis: Trends in tuberculosis-associated skeletal changes

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