Recent advances on the reduction of CO2 to important C2+ oxygenated chemicals and fuels

Abstract

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Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Liquid Fuels

“… 12 However, direct reduction of CO 2 to C 2+ products is still a grand challenge due to the lack of efficient catalysts with high stability, as the activity of C–C coupling is low and the formation of byproduct water can easily deactivate the various catalysts for CO 2 conversion. 2 , 13 − 15 Syngas (CO/H 2 ) and CH 3 OH are the most important C1 platform molecules, and their conversions to value-added products via the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH) processes, respectively, were extensively applied in industry. 16 − 19 Therefore, combining the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) with FTS and combining high-temperature methanol synthesis with MTH over bifunctional/multifunctional catalysts are two efficient strategies for direct CO 2 hydrogenation to C 2+ hydrocarbons including liquid hydrocarbons.…”

Recent Advances in Power-to-X Technology for the Production of Fuels and Chemicals

“…Most of the data reported in the literature about CO 2 hydrogenation into diesel-like fuels are actually related to the production of dimethyl ether (DME), which is considered a greener alternative to traditional diesel fuels due to its lower NO x emissions, near-zero smoke, less carbon particulates and less engine noise (Wang et al, 2009; Álvarez et al, 2017; Li et al, 2018a). The MeOH pathway is the main route investigated, being used either in a two-step process in which MeOH is produced from CO 2 hydrogenation in the first step (Equation 10) after what MeOH is dehydrated in a second step (Equation 12), or in a single-step process, in which both steps are done simultaneously in the same reactor (Wang et al, 2009; Li et al, 2018a).…”

Regulating C–C coupling in thermocatalytic and electrocatalytic COxconversion based on surface science

“…The above two routes for CO 2 hydrogenation can be achieved indirectly by using two-stage reactors;12 however, direct hydrogenation of CO 2 to hydrocarbons or oxygenates is more economical and environmentally friendly. An ideal catalyst for the direct hydrogenation of CO 2 to hydrocarbons or oxygenates should possess high activity for both CO/CH 3 OH formation and subsequent C–C coupling 45. Iron-based catalysts are often used in CO 2 hydrogenation because they show outstanding catalytic properties for both RWGS and FT synthesis.…”

“…In parallel, three categories of catalysts, including Cu-based catalysts, noble metal catalysts (Pd and Pt) and oxygen-deficient catalysts (In 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 ), are usually utilized to produce methanol, followed by the MTH process catalyzed by acidic zeolites 12. Although the catalysts based on noble metals (Rh, Pt, and Ru) and transition metals (Cu, Fe, and Co) have been widely employed to synthesize higher alcohols from CO 2 hydrogenation,10,46 the reported activity and selectivity for higher alcohols are quite limited 45…”