Recent advances on perylene-based photoinitiators of polymerization

Abstract

Photopolymerization is an active research field requiring the design of new photosensitizers enabling to convert more efficiently liquid monomers as solids. Especially, a great deal of efforts is devoted to reduce the polymerization time, improve the monomer conversion while using safer irradiation conditions. To reach these goals, choice of the photosensitizers is crucial as it constitutes the unique element of the photocurable resins capable to interact with light. In this field, perylene which is a pigment of polycyclic aromatic structure has been studied as soon as 1978 for the design of photoinitiating systems. Since these pioneering works, a wide range of perylene-based photoinitiators have been developed, ranging from organic photocatalysts to water-soluble photoinitiators. In this review, an overview of the different perylene-based photoinitiators reported to date is provided. To evidence the efficiency of these structures, comparisons which benchmark photoinitiators is provided.

Recent advances on coumarin-based photoinitiators of polymerization

“…Over the years, a wide range of structures have thus been examined for this purpose and naphthalimides, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] squaraines, [36][37][38][39] iron complexes, [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] thioxanthones, [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline derivatives, [57,58] iridium complexes, [59][60][61][62][63][64][65] perylenes, [66][67][68] chalcones, [69][70][71][72]…”

Symmetric Iodonium Salts Based on Benzylidene as One-Component Photoinitiators for Applications in 3D Printing

“…This approach uses dyes that absorb more efficiently and at longer wavelengths than iodonium salts. In recent years, there have been reports of the use of compounds such as perylene derivatives and polymethine dyes. , However, three types of dyes proved to be particularly interesting: anthraquinone, 1,8-naphthalimide, and coumarin derivatives. They are efficient photosensitizers strongly red-shifting the absorption of photoinitiating systems with iodonium salts, but they are also very efficient chromophores that can be used in one-component systems.…”

“…This approach uses dyes that absorb more efficiently and at longer wavelengths than iodonium salts. In recent years, there have been reports of the use of compounds such as perylene derivatives 29 and polymethine dyes. 30,31 However, three types of dyes proved to be particularly interesting: anthraquinone, 32 1,8-naphthalimide, 33 and coumarin 34 derivatives.…”

Chemical engineering around the 5,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-a]carbazole scaffold: Fine tuning of the optical properties of visible light photoinitiators of polymerization

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Face to these considerations, a second approach consists in developing new molecules totally disconnected from these historical structures. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Considering that visible light photoinitiators of polymerization should exhibit a strong absorption over the visible range, long-living excited state lifetimes but also appropriate electrochemical properties in order to efficiently interact with the different additives introduced into the photocurable resins, structures commonly used in Organic Electronics are candidates of choice for photoinitiation. [49] In this field, carbazole is a popular structure in Organic Electronics and interest for this structure is supported by the easiness of chemical modification, its good photochemical and thermal stability, good electron-donating ability, high triplet energy level [50,51] and wide bandgap.…”