Recent Advances on Nutrition in Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis

Pan, Li-Long; Li, Jiahong; Shamoon, Muhammad; Bhatia, Madhav; Sun, Jia

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00762

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…The concentration of lactose (100 mg/kg) was selected from earlier in vivo studies to be relevant to its nutritional values ( 30 , 32 , 33 ), and also determined by preliminary experiments as the lowest effective concentration. The route of administration, i.p., ensures that the observed effects are those of lactose and not its metabolites or digested products (e.g., by avoiding metabolism by the liver) and is relevant to the parenteral route in clinical nutrition ( 34 ). Our data are in line with previous studies supporting that lactose may bind to and antagonize galectin-3 ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactose Induces Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Neutrophils and Macrophages to Alleviate Acute Pancreatitis in Mice

et al. 2018

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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one common clinical acute abdominal disease, for which specific pharmacological or nutritional therapies remain elusive. Lactose, a macronutrient and an inducer of host innate immune responses, possesses immune modulatory functions. The current study aimed to investigate potential modulatory effects of lactose and the interplay between the nutrient and pancreatic immunity during experimentally induced AP in mice. We found that either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of lactose time-dependently reduced the severity of AP, as evidenced by reduced pancreatic edema, serum amylase levels, and pancreatic myeloperoxidase activities, as well as by histological examination of pancreatic damage. Overall, lactose promoted a regulatory cytokine milieu in the pancreas and reduced infiltration of inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages. On acinar cells, lactose was able to suppress caerulein-induced inflammatory signaling pathways and to suppress chemoattractant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production. Additionally, lactose acted on pancreas-infiltrated macrophages, increasing interleukin-10 and decreasing tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Notably, lactose treatment reversed AP-associated infiltration of activated neutrophils. Last, the effect of lactose on neutrophil infiltration was mimicked by a galectin-3 antagonist, suggesting a potential endogenous target of lactose. Together, the current study demonstrates an immune regulatory effect of lactose to alleviate AP and suggests its potential as a convenient, value-added therapeutic macronutrient to control AP, and lower the risk of its systemic complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactose Induces Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Neutrophils and Macrophages to Alleviate Acute Pancreatitis in Mice

et al. 2018

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“…The majority of cases suffer from a mild form of the disease but nearly 20–30% of patients develop severe pancreatitis, associated with systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome including lungs, gut, liver, and kidneys ( 2 ). AP is caused by the inappropriate activation of pancreatic enzymes by triggering an intra-acinar cascade of events, including trypsin activation ( 3 ). Although the pathogenesis of AP remains to be fully understood, data from experimental models strongly imply the key roles of inflammatory mediators and immune cell infiltration ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Derivative of the Natural Product Danshensu Suppresses Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis

et al. 2018

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Acute pancreatitis (AP), a common abdominal inflammatory disorder, is characterized by premature intracellular activation of digestive proteases within pancreatic acini and a consecutive systemic inflammatory response. Although the mechanism remains to be fully understood, inflammation is the main cause of pancreatic damage in AP. A novel compound [4-(2-acetoxy-3-((R)-3-(benzylthio)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1,2-phenylene diacetate (DSC)], derived from danshensu, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in vitro. However, its potential beneficial effect in AP has not been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of DSC in experimental AP in mice. We found that DSC suppressed inflammatory responses in AP by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Furthermore, treatment with DSC modulated the infiltration of neutrophils and the phenotypes of macrophages in mice induced with AP. Interestingly, we found that the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its regulated antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which modulate inflammatory activities, was significantly increased in DSC-treated groups. Together, our findings demonstrate that DSC alleviates pancreatic inflammation and damage in AP by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, STAT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome and modulating immune cell responses.

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“…Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common pancreatic disease in clinical practice [ 1 , 2 ]. It has been defined as early activation of pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas, leading to autodigestion of the pancreas [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Serum miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141 Are Noninvasive Biomarkers of Acute Pancreatitis

Wang

et al. 2017

Disease Markers

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Background It has been reported that several microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-141, miR-9, and miR-122, are involved in the regulation of pancreatitis-related proteins or that their levels change in acute pancreatitis (AP) animal models. However, the serum levels, as well as the clinical diagnostic and prognostic values, of these miRNAs in AP patients remain unclear. Furthermore, as a pancreas- (islet) enriched miRNA, miR-7 was reported to be downregulated in AP patients, which requires further verification. Methods The levels of miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141 were examined and compared using qRT-PCR among 80 severe AP patients, 80 mild AP patients, and 74 healthy controls. Results The serum levels of these four miRNAs were increased markedly in the AP patients compared with the controls, and these levels decreased significantly after effective therapy. Particularly, the level of miR-7 was higher in severe AP patients than in mild AP patients. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that four miRNAs could be used as potential biomarkers for AP. Moreover, these miRNAs showed strong positive correlations with CRP, which may be associated with inflammation. Conclusions The serum miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141 levels were increased in AP patients. These 4 miRNAs may represent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for AP.

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Recent Advances on Nutrition in Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis

Cited by 46 publications

References 72 publications

Lactose Induces Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Neutrophils and Macrophages to Alleviate Acute Pancreatitis in Mice

Lactose Induces Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Neutrophils and Macrophages to Alleviate Acute Pancreatitis in Mice

A Novel Derivative of the Natural Product Danshensu Suppresses Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis

Elevated Serum miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141 Are Noninvasive Biomarkers of Acute Pancreatitis

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