Recent Advances on NIR‐II Light‐Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a particular oncological therapeutic strategy by generates the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) from the dismutation of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions. However, single CDT therapies have been limited by unsatisfactory efficacy. Enhanced chemodynamic therapy (ECDT) triggered by near‐infrared (NIR) is a novel therapeutic modality based on light energy to improve the efficiency of Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions. However, the limited penetration and imaging capability of the visible (400–650 nm) and traditional NIR‐I region (650–900 nm) light‐amplified CDT restrict the prospects for its clinical application. Combined with the high penetration/high precision imaging characteristics of the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II,) nanoplatform, it is expected to kill deep tumors efficiently while imaging the treatment process in real‐time, and more notably, the NIR‐II region radiation with wavelengths above 1000 nm can minimize the irradiation damage to normal tissues. Such NIR‐II ECDT nanoplatforms have greatly improved the effectiveness of CDT therapy and demonstrated extraordinary potential for clinical applications. Accordingly, various strategies have been explored in the past years to improve the efficiency of NIR‐II Enhanced CDT. In this review, the mechanisms and strategies used to improve the performance of NIR‐II‐enhanced CDT are outlined.

Harnessing Biomaterials for Safeguarding Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: An Artful Expedition in Mitigating Adverse Effects

“…Some researchers have provided an overview anticipating the use of nanotechnology and other external physical stimuli such as magnetic fields, X-rays, electric fields, etc., to remotely manipulate the activity of CAR-T cells for the treatment of malignant tumors [ 68 ], thereby eliciting a particularly powerful therapeutic effect on solid tumors and reducing the risk of OTOT. Similarly, these external means of physical manipulation have also overcome the drawback of NIR, namely its relatively insufficient penetration depth in the context of the human body [ 69 ], particularly in tissues abundant with blood or pigments, constraining its precision in accurately localizing and monitoring deep-seated tissues.…”

Illuminating the future: NIR-II visualizes gas therapy for precision cancer treatment

“…This advancement is anticipated to significantly contribute to the precise identification and localization of cancerous cells. 7 …”

“…These platforms are designed for active tumor targeting and H 2 S-enhanced combined chemokinetic-cryo-photothermal therapy. 7 8 IR-FEP-RGD-S-S-S-Fc, incorporating the Cyclic-RGDfk peptide segment, exhibits a tumor-targeting effect, facilitating the endocytosis of nanoparticles. The elevated concentration of GSH in the TME triggers the separation of fluorescent molecules from ferrocene via GSH-sensitive trisulfide bonds, releasing H 2 S gas molecules.…”