Recent Advances on MXene‐Based Electrocatalysts toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction: A Focused Review

Abstract

(3 of 32)www.advmatinterfaces.de compositions are exposed (theoretically and/or experimentally) and many more MXenes can be discovered by varying rations of M or X elements and their discoveries are ongoing, especially with 413 MAX type [54] (Figure 1a,b).

Recent development and challenges in fuel cells and water electrolyzer reactions: an overview

“…A budding family of MXenes, i.e., layered transition metal carbides and/or nitrides, has become an important catalytic material toward energy storage and conversion devices due to their exceptional properties. 113 Recently, the MXene family has been employed in energy storage devices, mainly ion batteries, supercapacitors, ion capacitors, H 2 storage systems, conversion devices such as fuel cells and its associated devices, namely, H 2 generation and O 2 evolution. The relationship between the electrochemical performance and the structure has been deeply explored.…”

Sandwich-Structured MXene/Carbon Hybrid Support Decorated with Pt Nanoparticles for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…19−21 Two-dimensional support not only provides a large number of attachment sites for nanoparticles but also promotes the kinetic of intermediate reactions by modulating the electronic structure of Pt. 22,23 MXene is prepared by selective etching of the MAX phase, and its molecular formula is M n+1 X n T x (where M is a transition metal, X is C or N, T is functional groups, e.g., −O, −OH, −F). 24 As a novel 2D material, MXene, owns a high specific surface area and good hydrophilicity and thus is widely used in the fields of energy, catalysis, and membrane science.…”

“…With great advances in materials science, coupling Pt nanoparticles with well-designed support, particularly two-dimensional (2D) materials, is another effective way to further improve catalyst performance. − Two-dimensional support not only provides a large number of attachment sites for nanoparticles but also promotes the kinetic of intermediate reactions by modulating the electronic structure of Pt. , MXene is prepared by selective etching of the MAX phase, and its molecular formula is M n +1 X n T x (where M is a transition metal, X is C or N, T is functional groups, e.g., −O, −OH, −F) . As a novel 2D material, MXene, owns a high specific surface area and good hydrophilicity and thus is widely used in the fields of energy, catalysis, and membrane science. − Benefiting from the surface functionalization, active sites can be anchored strongly in the surface of MXene, greatly enhancing the interaction between support and Pt NPs. − However, individual MXene nanosheets as a support are stacked effortlessly, resulting in a significant reduction in specific surface area and catalytic activity .…”

Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from horse manure biomass as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

“…8 It is known that the ORR is more facile than HOR in alkaline media than in acidic media. 4,9,10 This has allowed several materials other than Pt/C to be used as alternative ORR catalysts in ACFs, such as perovskites, 11 metal chalcogenides, 12 transition metal oxides, 13 MXene, 14 transition metal-nitrogen-carbon, [15][16][17] and metal-free heteroatom-doped carbons. [18][19][20] Over the past decade, signicant progress has intensively concentrated on nitrogen-doped carbons (NCs) as low-cost, catalytically active, and durable catalysts for ORR to replace Pt/C.…”

“…8 It is known that the ORR is more facile than HOR in alkaline media than in acidic media. 4,9,10 This has allowed several materials other than Pt/C to be used as alternative ORR catalysts in ACFs, such as perovskites, 11 metal chalcogenides, 12 transition metal oxides, 13 MXene, 14 transition metal–nitrogen–carbon, 15–17 and metal-free heteroatom-doped carbons. 18–20…”