Recent Advances on Metal-Based Near-Infrared and Infrared Emitting OLEDs

Abstract

During the past decades, the development of emissive materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in infrared region has focused the interest of numerous research groups as these devices can find interest in applications ranging from optical communication to defense. To date, metal complexes have been most widely studied to elaborate near-infrared (NIR) emitters due to their low energy emissive triplet states and their facile access. In this review, an overview of the different metal complexes used in OLEDs and enabling to get an infrared emission is provided.

A Vanadium(III) Complex with Blue and NIR-II Spin-Flip Luminescence in Solution

“…In principle, near-infrared (NIR) luminescence enables exciting applications in telecommunications, laser and LED/OLED or LEC technologies (OLED = organic light emitting diode, LEC = light-emitting electrochemical cell) as well as in bio-analysis and bio-imaging. [18][19][20][21][22] NIR-II luminescence can be particularly beneficial for in vivo imaging with respect to tissue penetration as well as reduced auto-fluorescence of the background and scattering losses. 18,19 Current materials are based on rare-earth elements, precious metals and organic dyes often in conjunction with precious metals.…”

Photoluminescence and electroluminescence characterization of high-performance near-infrared emitters based on 1,5-naphthyridin-4-ol-containing heteroleptic platinum(ii) complexes

“…[9][10][11] The complexes, having a square planar molecular structure, are known to form excimers emitting long wavelength in deep red or NIR region ( max > 700 nm). [12][13][14] Due to the exciton self-trapping of excimers, 15 the detrimental triplet-triplet annihilation, which is usually prevalent for a heavy metal-based phosphorescence emitter in a non-dopant thin film, is alleviated. 16,17 NIR emission from the excimer of Pt complexes have the advantage of high EL efficiency over other NIR emitters.…”

Novel Dicyano-Phenylenevinylene Fluorophores for Low-Doped Layers: A Highly Emissive Material for Red OLEDs

“…Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are widely regarded as next-generation technology for lighting devices [1,2] and displays [3,4], and as cutting-edge technology in bio-medicines [5,6], in security and communications [7,8], and in biological and environmental applications [9,10,11,12].…”