Recent Advances on Membranes for Water Purification Based on Carbon Nanomaterials

Abstract

Every year the problem of water purification becomes more relevant. This is due to the continuous increase in the level of pollution of natural water sources, an increase in the population, and sharp climatic changes. The growth in demand for affordable and clean water is not always comparable to the supply that exists in the water treatment market. In addition, the amount of water pollution increases with the increase in production capacity, the purification of which cannot be fully handled by conventional processes. However, the application of novel nanomaterials will enhance the characteristics of water treatment processes which are one of the most important technological problems. In this review, we considered the application of carbon nanomaterials in membrane water purification. Carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene oxide, and activated carbon were analyzed as promising materials for membranes. The problems associated with the application of carbon nanomaterials in membrane processes and ways to solve them were discussed. Their efficiency, properties, and characteristics as a modifier for membranes were analyzed. The potential directions, opportunities and challenges for application of various carbon nanomaterials were suggested.

Removal of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants from Liquid Phase by Membrane Based on Carbonaceous Materials

“…6 presents the average resistance values determined following the iron ion filtration processes. The highest values for individual resistances and total filtration resistance were observed for the MC membrane, with Rt equal to 18.30x10 13 L/m 2 ×h. Slightly lower values were found for MAC, with the total filtration resistance equalling 17.50x10 13 L/m 2 ×h.…”

“…The highest values for individual resistances and total filtration resistance were observed for the MC membrane, with Rt equal to 18.30x10 13 L/m 2 ×h. Slightly lower values were found for MAC, with the total filtration resistance equalling 17.50x10 13 L/m 2 ×h. The resistance values for M and MNAC are slightly lower than those determined for MC and MAC membranes.…”

“…The values obtained indicate that all materials exhibit comparable resistance values. The Rt value for M is 17.19x10 13 L/m 2 ×h, while for MC it is equal to 17.22x10 13 L/m 2 ×h. In contrast, the total filtration resistance value for MAC is 17.69x10 13 L/m 2 ×h, while that for MNAC is 18.61x10 13 L/m 2 ×h.…”

“…At the stage of membrane synthesis, it is possible to modify the membranes with, for example, amines, metal oxides or activated carbons. This is discussed in detail in references [13] and [14]. Activated carbons are frequently employed as adsorbents for contaminants, both in the liquid and gaseous phases [15].…”

Discovering Molecular Coordination Environment Trends for Selective Ion Binding to Molecular Complexes Using Machine Learning

“…Separation materials that can isolate single solutes from multisolute solutions are essential for resource recovery and contaminant removal during water purification processes. , The model benchmark for synthetic membrane design is the biological K + channel, which can achieve a selectivity ratio of 1000 K + to 1 Na + . , Inspiration from the selectivity of natural ion channels has led to a focus on the development of several classes of materials, such as polymeric membranes, MOFs, 2D graphene and graphene oxides, and carbon nanotubes. − These materials offer a high degree of tunability via chemical functionalization, allowing for simultaneous control of pore geometry and surface chemistry to, in principle, achieve high ion selectivity and permeability necessary for membrane design. , …”