Recent Advances on Drug-Loaded Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Anti-neoplastic Agents for Targeted Treatment of Cancer

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as an undifferentiated group of adult multipotent cells, have remarkable antitumor features that bring them up as a novel choice to treat cancers. MSCs are capable of altering the behavior of cells in the tumor microenvironment, inducing an anti-inflammatory effect in tumor cells, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and preventing metastasis. Besides, MSCs can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. The ability of MSCs to be loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs and release them in the site of primary and metastatic neoplasms makes them a preferable choice as targeted drug delivery procedure. Targeted drug delivery minimizes unexpected side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and improves clinical outcomes. This review focuses on recent advances on innate antineoplastic features of MSCs and the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on viability, proliferation, and the regenerative capacity of various kinds of MSCs. It also discusses the efficacy and mechanisms of drug loading and releasing procedures along with in vivo and in vitro preclinical outcomes of antineoplastic effects of primed MSCs for clinical prospection.

Proposed Mechanisms of Targeting COVID-19 by Delivering Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exosomes to Damaged Organs

“…These cells are plastic-adherent in standard culture conditions and have capability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts [17]. Some essential features of MSCs, including regeneration ability, antiinflammatory effects, immune evasive characteristics, and interaction with various intra-/extra-cellular pathways, bring them up as a novel treatment for different pathologic conditions [18]. Also, MSCs proliferate simply under the appropriate condition that results in expansion to usable clinical volume.…”

“…The first issue in applying MSCs in COVID-19 is the eligibility of the patients for CBT. There is insufficient information on use of MSCbased therapy in patients with a history of chronic diseases or excluding conditions such as malignancies, immune system disorders, allergies, pregnancy, and lactating mothers [18,169]. As the second problem, the majority of clinical trials using MSCs or their exosomes in COVID-19 are in phase I/ II which led to insufficient outcomes.…”

Mesenchymal stem cell‐glioblastoma interactions mediated via kinin receptors unveiled by cytometry

“…Due to their tumor tropism, MSCs can be used as anti‐neoplastic drug vehicles [64, 71]. For instance, Clavreul and colleagues have proven the efficiency of MSC anti‐tumorigenic drug delivery to the tumor site [72].…”

“…For instance, Clavreul and colleagues have proven the efficiency of MSC anti‐tumorigenic drug delivery to the tumor site [72]. The feasibility of load drugs into MSCs for subsequent release into orthotopic glioma was confirmed by Wang and colleagues [71, 73]. MSCs transduced with oncolytic viruses are also discussed as a novel and immunocompetent way to target tumors and their metastases [74, 75].…”

Co-Culture with Chorionic Villous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis via ABCA9-AKT Pathway

“…For example, MSCs signi cantly reduce cell angiogenesis and proliferation 15,16 . Moreover, MSCs are found to have antimicrobial, antiapoptotic, and immunoregulatory functions 17,18 .…”