Recent advances on drug delivery applications of mucopenetrative/mucoadhesive particles: A review

Effect of beta glucan coating on controlled release, bioaccessibility, and absorption of β-carotene from loaded liposomes

“…, shape, size, charge, hydrophobicity and surface chemistry of the particle as well as pH of the medium. 5,77–79…”

“…76 As previously claimed in many studies that the particle diffusion in mucus and their subsequent absorption by intestinal cells can be effected by many factors i.e., shape, size, charge, hydrophobicity and surface chemistry of the particle as well as pH of the medium. 5,[77][78][79] Size of the GNLs was observed to be 300 nm after two hours of intestinal digestion, however size of the uncoated liposomes was around 100 nm (Fig. 3A).…”

Hydrogel: a new material for intravesical drug delivery after bladder cancer surgery

“…30 In addition, nanocarriers are not strong enough to resist the flushing effect of urine, limiting their residence time in the bladder and reducing their effectiveness. 31 Hydrogel, a threedimensional cross-linked network, 32 has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, 33,34 and can effectively trap therapeutic agents. In addition, hydrogels have lower toxicity than nanocarriers.…”

pH-Responsive and Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oral Insulin Delivery: The Effect of Hyaluronic Acid with Different Molecular Weights

“…Whereas various biological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract hinder the clinical development of oral INS [ 4 ], oral INS delivery has to overcome these physiological barriers. First, orally delivered INS should avoid degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes and be stable over a wide pH range (gastric pH 1–3, enteral pH 6–7.5) [ 5 ]. Secondly, as a biomacromolecule, INS cannot directly enter the blood circulation through the intestinal mucosa, nor can it be straight internalized by intestinal epithelial cells into the blood [ 6 ].…”