Recent advances on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO): A review of reactors, catalysts, and optimization techniques impacting the production

Rocha‐Meneses, Lisandra; Hari, Anjana; Inayat, Abrar; Yousef, Latifa A.; Alarab, Suma; Abdallah, Mohamed; Shanableh, Abdallah; Ghenaï, Chaouki; Kikas, Timo

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128514

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…The CO emission does not vary much in diesel, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends. At 100% load, the CO increases for all the fuels due to more fuel supply to the engine to maintain the power output 28 . A large reduction is observed at 100% load condition for diesel and BCFAD100.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of alumina nanoparticles in coconut oil distillate biodiesel to lessen emissions in direct injection diesel engine

Rajesh,

Bibin,

Soundararajan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Petroleum fuels are commonly used for automobiles. However, the continuous depletion and exhaust gas emission causes serious problems. So, there is a need for an alternative eco-friendly fuel. Biodiesel is a type of fuel manufactured through a process called transesterification, which involves converting vegetable oils into a usable form. The process parameters of the transesterification process were optimized using the Taguchi method to achieve maximum biodiesel yield. However, the main problem of biodiesel is its high cost which could be reduced by using low-cost feedstock. To address this challenge, biodiesel (BCFAD) is derived from coconut fatty acid distillate (CFAD), a by-product obtained from refining coconut oil. This work uses BCFAD and BCFAD with Alumina nanoparticles as fuels. Alumina nanoparticles in the mass fraction of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm are dispersed in BCFAD. The investigation results reveal an increase of 6.5% in brake thermal efficiency for BCFAD with 100 ppm nanoparticles when compared to BCFAD. There is a reduction of 29.29% of hydrocarbon and 34% of Carbon monoxide emissions with BCFAD100 in comparison with diesel. However, there is a marginal increase in NOx emission with the increase in nanoparticles. The heat release rate and cylinder pressure of BCFAD100 are comparable to diesel fuel. It was concluded that the utilization of BCFAD with a nanoparticle dispersion of 100 ppm is suitable for direct use as fuel in diesel engines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of alumina nanoparticles in coconut oil distillate biodiesel to lessen emissions in direct injection diesel engine

Rajesh,

Bibin,

Soundararajan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Cavitation reactors are multiphase reactors that intensify the process using acoustic or flow energy, causing a cavitation phenomenon and, therefore, an increase in turbulence, thereby improving mass transfer. This cavitation phenomenon achieves high values of temperature and pressure [243][244][245].…”

Section: Reactors For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When handling viscous liquids, PFRs present laminar flows, so it is necessary to use injection devices (a T mixer) or mechanical mixers. Some of the advantages of PFRs are that they do not require constant maintenance, are built in small spaces, and have low capital costs [243,244].…”

Section: Reactors For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: A Perspective on Catalytic Processes

et al. 2023

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Presently, the use of fossil fuels is not ecologically sustainable, which results in the need for new alternative energies such as biodiesel. This work presents a review of the classification of the lipidic feedstocks and the catalysts for biodiesel production. It also presents the pros and cons of the different processes and feedstocks through which biodiesel is obtained. In this context, cooking oil (WCO) has emerged as an alternative with a high potential for making the process sustainable. A detected limitation to achieving this is the high content of free fatty acids (FFA) and existing problems related to homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. To overcome this, the use of bifunctional catalysts is being evaluated by the scientific community. Thus, this work also explores the advances in the study of bifunctional catalysts, which are capable of simultaneously carrying out the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) and the triglycerides present in the WCO. For the sake of an improved understanding of biodiesel production, flow diagrams and the mechanisms implied by each type of process (enzymatic, homogenous, and heterogeneous) are provided. This article also highlights some of the challenges in catalyst development for sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade raw materials.

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“…Biofuel sources are characterized by their cleanliness, environmental friendliness, non-toxic, and the resulting reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [6,7,8]. In the industrial and transportation sectors, biofuels have been identified as an appealing solution to enhance energy security, reduce the reliance on fossil fuels in these sectors, and consequently, mitigate the environmental impacts associated with fossil fuels [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production by Double-Pipe Static Mixer Reactor

Attahiran,

Prasertsit,

Photaworn

2024

J. Ecol. Eng.

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This study investigates continuous biodiesel production from refined palm oil (RPO) using a 250-cm-length double-pipe static mixer (DPSM), mixing elements were employed first with the low-pressure drop static mixer (LPD-SM) and second with the Kenics Static Mixer (K-SM). Four key independent parameters in the transesterification reaction -methanol (MeOH) to RPO molar ratio, KOH concentration, static mixer length, and residence time -were optimized to achieve the desired methyl ester content (%E, wt.%), set at 96.5 wt.%. From response surface methodology (RSM), The optimal conditions of LPD-SM were MeOH to RPO molar ratio at 5:1, KOH concentration at 0.76 wt.% of RPO, 250 cm static mixer length, and 7.7 min residence time. Conversely, K-SM showed optimal conditions with MeOH to RPO molar ratio at 5.5:1, KOH concentration at 0.81 wt.% of RPO, 250 cm static mixer length, and 7.2 min residence time. Statistical analysis revealed KOH concentration as the most influential parameter, followed by residence time, static mixer length, and MeOH to RPO molar ratio, respectively. In summary, LPD-SM outperformed K-SM in reducing the amount of alcohol and catalyst consumption while maintaining %E at the set point, highlighting its potential as an efficient, sustainable approach for biodiesel production from RPO using a DPSM.

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Recent advances on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO): A review of reactors, catalysts, and optimization techniques impacting the production

Cited by 34 publications

References 161 publications

Investigating the impact of alumina nanoparticles in coconut oil distillate biodiesel to lessen emissions in direct injection diesel engine

Investigating the impact of alumina nanoparticles in coconut oil distillate biodiesel to lessen emissions in direct injection diesel engine

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: A Perspective on Catalytic Processes

Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production by Double-Pipe Static Mixer Reactor

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