Recent Advances on 2D Materials towards 3D Printing

Abstract

In recent years, 2D materials have been implemented in several applications due to their unique and unprecedented properties. Several examples can be named, from the very first, graphene, to transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs, e.g., MoS2), two-dimensional inorganic compounds (MXenes), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), or black phosphorus (BP). On the other hand, the accessible and low-cost 3D printers and design software converted the 3D printing methods into affordable fabrication tools worldwide. The implementation of this technique for the preparation of new composites based on 2D materials provides an excellent platform for next-generation technologies. This review focuses on the recent advances of 3D printing of the 2D materials family and its applications; the newly created printed materials demonstrated significant advances in sensors, biomedical, and electrical applications.

Controlled local orientation of 2D nanomaterials in 3D devices: methods and prospects for multifunctional designs and enhanced performance

“…In this area, 3D printing is a potential solution under the spotlight and a few reviews discuss about the 3D printing of 2D nanomaterials. 256,257 However, these reviews miss the importance of 2D nanomaterial alignment and how the combination of 3D printing with alignment could further induce new and enhanced functionalities. In the following section, we therefore review 2D nanomaterial alignment supported by 3D printing and discuss how 3D printing can be expected to fabricate realistic devices with high performance and/ or new functionalities.…”

New Polymeric Composites Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

“…The properties that make the new two-dimensional nanomaterials suitable for biomedical applications, like high surface-to-volume ratio or photothermal conversion ability also justify their addition to the scaffolds and hydrogels already used in tissue engineering applications, among others. In fact, it has been proved that incorporating some of these materials can improve the performance of the final composite scaffolds/hydrogels [ 70 , 71 ].…”

A Review on Printing of Responsive Smart and 4D Structures Using 2D Materials

“…[20][21][22][23][24] In particular, 2D materials offer a unique combination of morphological, optoelectronic, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties peculiar to this class of materials in light of the myriad of production methods, chemistry, and structural features. [25][26][27] As such, 2D nanomaterials can be formulated in high-performance powders/dispersions/pastes that are ideal for direct implementation in most 3D printing processes. [28][29][30][31] Graphene-related materials (GRM) are the most investigated 2D materials due to their multifunctional properties, industrial-scale availability, and easiness of compounding with polymers, metals, or ceramics.…”