Recent advances of siRNA delivery by nanoparticles

Abstract

Non-viral carrier systems, especially nanoparticles, have been investigated extensively for siRNA delivery, and may be utilized in clinical applications in the future. So far, a few preliminary clinical trials of nanoparticles have produced promising results. However, further research is still required to pave the way to successful clinical applications. The most important issues that need to be focused on include encapsulation efficiency, formulation stability of siRNA, degradation in circulation, endosomal escape and delivery efficiency, targeting, toxicity and off-target effects. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies also present another great challenge for nanoparticle delivery systems, owing to the unique nature of siRNA oligonucleotides compared with small molecules.

Intracellular partitioning of cell organelles and extraneous nanoparticles during mitosis

“…Ideally, this carrier should also provide protection of the nucleic acids against enzymatic degradation during the different steps of the delivery process. In the field of nonviral gene delivery, liposomal and polymeric delivery systems (known as lipoplexes and polyplexes, respectively) have a long history [93]. Compared to viral delivery systems, both lipo-and polyplexes are generally easy to prepare, not or weakly immunogenic and allow the incorporation of larger DNA chains as there is no intrinsic size limitation as with viral particles [13].…”

PLGA nanoparticles codeliver paclitaxel and Stat3 siRNA to overcome cellular resistance in lung cancer cells

“…17,18 One advantage of PLGA NPs is that they can be directly coated with cationic polymers, such as polyethylenimine (PEI), enabling them to carry siRNA on their surfaces through electrostatic interactions. 19,20 Therefore, PLGA-PEI NPs could be used as a carrier that integrates anticancer drugs (inner part) and agents to reduce chemoresistance, eg, siRNA (outer layer).…”

Use of Animal Models for Anti-HIV Drug Development

“…These antibody-siRNA molecules were able to specifically target and enter envelope-expressing cells in mice (Song et al, 2005). And many techniques for introducing siRNA into nanoparticles have been tested for better pharmacokinetics, but these have been mainly preclinical studies not involving HIV-1 (reviewed in Yuan et al, 2011).…”