Recent Advances of Magnetic Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Drug Delivery, and Cell Therapy

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are gaining much attention due to their applications in specialized fields, including diagnosis, bioimaging, drug delivery, and cell therapy. In recent years, the field of stem cell and regenerative medicine comprising tissue engineering and drug delivery has been powered by nanoparticles. Particularly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized with adequate immunomodulatory potential coupled with an excellent regenerative ability that contributes to improved therapy of various diseases. For clinical applications of MSCs, tracking and labeling are crucial to determine cell homing and distribution. Therefore, due to the high potential of MNPs in stem cell therapy, this review comprehensively uncovers the advancements in the respective field. Also, it discusses the usage of surface-functionalized materials in improving the physicochemical properties of MNPs, making them suitable candidates for several biomedical applications. Moreover, we have discussed that these nanoparticles within applied magnetic field and electromagnetic field have been considered multifunctional agents for labeling, stimulating, tracking, and targeting stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the discussion comprises the progress and challenges associated with MNPs used as effective therapeutic, delivery, and diagnostic agents to treat cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and bone-related disorders. Finally, the review discussed that the magnetic nanoparticles have also been widely used for targeted cancer cell therapy due to mechanical force for killing cancer cells under a magnetic field. It is concluded that the mechanical force produced by MNPs in a low-frequency vibrating magnetic field is the most promising and safe option for the destruction of tumor cells. In short, this review summarized the role of magnetic nanomaterials for effective, safe, and efficient nanomaterial-cell-based therapies.

An Integrated Multilevel Approach Unveils Complex Seed–Nanoparticle Interactions and Their Implications for Seed Priming

“…The established use of MNPs in the biomedical field as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery systems, and hyperthermia treatments for cancer has not revealed substantial hazards to human health. As a result, MNPs are now considered relatively safe. − Moreover, the cost-effective synthesis of MNPs enables their application in agriculture, where they have been shown to have promising effects in augmenting crop production, enabling targeted delivery of agrochemicals and nutrients, enhancing plant development and resilience to different abiotic and biotic stress conditions, and ameliorating the decomposition of organic matter and the activities of microbial enzymes during the composting of agricultural waste. − …”

Nanomagnetic tetraaza (N4 donor) macrocyclic Schiff base complex of copper(ii): synthesis, characterizations, and its catalytic application in Click reactions

“…17,32 Due to their ease of separation from the reaction medium by means of an external magnetic eld, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) appear to be a viable solution to these problems. [33][34][35] Recently, Schiff-base transition metal complexes have piqued the interest of researchers due to their structural characteristics, such as ligand stiffness, donor atom type, and catalytic uses. 36,37 These transition metal complexes of Schiff bases are good organic synthesis agents.…”

Magnetic Nanomaterials Mediate Electromagnetic Stimulations of Nerves for Applications in Stem Cell and Cancer Treatments

“…Meanwhile, electromagnetism is an active factor in biological processes, and it has a broad therapeutic application in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment [ 24 , 25 ]. Therapeutics that utilize electromagnetic wave heat and ultrasonic cavitation to eradicate cancer cells have been widely studied [ 26 , 27 ].…”