“…However, the main drawbacks of CS are poor solubility and low mechanical strength and stability, which may be overcome by adding different synthetic materials (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG) and b-glycerophosphate (b-GP)) or chemical modifications (e.g., quaternary ammonium carboxymethylation and sulfonation) to elicit better mechanical and biomedical properties. 41,43 When b-GP is added to preparations, it generates an ionophilic gelation process and forms a stable ionic complex with CS, resulting in immediate mixture gelation and internal and external cross-link formation in polymer chains. For example, Xu et al used CS, b-GP, and gelatin hydrogels to prepare injectable hydrogels which functioned as aspirin/erythropoietin (EPO) carriers (Fig.…”
Section: Natural Polymer Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Apart from adding different synthetic materials, several variables (concentration of CS, the type of crosslinker, the ionic strength of the solution, and pH) can readily affect hydrogel composition and structural networks -it was previously reported that supramolecule addition improved the mechanical and rheological properties. 43,44 Gelatin is a denatured fibrous protein and is produced when collagen in connective tissues is partially hydrolyzed. 45 Chemically, gelatin comprises 18 complex amino acids, while structurally, it contains various combinations of peptide sequences.…”
Section: Natural Polymer Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…, quaternary ammonium carboxymethylation and sulfonation) to elicit better mechanical and biomedical properties. 41,43…”
Periodontitis is an immune-inflammatory disease caused by dental plaque, which deteriorates the periodontal ligament, causes alveolar bone loss, and may lead to tooth loss. To treat periodontitis, antibacterial and anti-inflammation...
“…However, the main drawbacks of CS are poor solubility and low mechanical strength and stability, which may be overcome by adding different synthetic materials (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG) and b-glycerophosphate (b-GP)) or chemical modifications (e.g., quaternary ammonium carboxymethylation and sulfonation) to elicit better mechanical and biomedical properties. 41,43 When b-GP is added to preparations, it generates an ionophilic gelation process and forms a stable ionic complex with CS, resulting in immediate mixture gelation and internal and external cross-link formation in polymer chains. For example, Xu et al used CS, b-GP, and gelatin hydrogels to prepare injectable hydrogels which functioned as aspirin/erythropoietin (EPO) carriers (Fig.…”
Section: Natural Polymer Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Apart from adding different synthetic materials, several variables (concentration of CS, the type of crosslinker, the ionic strength of the solution, and pH) can readily affect hydrogel composition and structural networks -it was previously reported that supramolecule addition improved the mechanical and rheological properties. 43,44 Gelatin is a denatured fibrous protein and is produced when collagen in connective tissues is partially hydrolyzed. 45 Chemically, gelatin comprises 18 complex amino acids, while structurally, it contains various combinations of peptide sequences.…”
Section: Natural Polymer Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…, quaternary ammonium carboxymethylation and sulfonation) to elicit better mechanical and biomedical properties. 41,43…”
Periodontitis is an immune-inflammatory disease caused by dental plaque, which deteriorates the periodontal ligament, causes alveolar bone loss, and may lead to tooth loss. To treat periodontitis, antibacterial and anti-inflammation...
“…Chitosan, a linear polysaccharide, is one of the most studied biocompatible polymers ( Figure 1 ). It can be easily prepared as a gel structure by both physical and chemical cross-linking [ 12 ]. Being a weak polyelectrolyte, chitosan is highly sensitive to changes in the environment, and more specifically, to the pH conditions, making it a suitable base for smart stimuli-responsive material.…”
Chitosan, being a biocompatible and mucoadhesive polysaccharide, is one of the most preferred hydrogel-forming materials for drug delivery. The objectives of the present study are to obtain spray-dried microparticles based on low-molecular-weight chitosan and study their potential application as cargo systems for the orally active drug benzydamine hydrochloride. Three types of particles are obtained: raw chitosan particles (at three different concentrations), cross-linked with sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) particles (at three different chitosan:NaTPP ratios), and particles coated with mannitol (at three different chitosan:mannitol ratios), all of them in the size range between 1 and 10 µm. Based on the loading efficiency and the yields of the formulated hydrogel particles, one model of each type is chosen for further investigation of the effect of the cross-linker or the excipient on the properties of the gel structures. The morphology of both empty and benzydamine hydrochloride-loaded chitosan particles was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and it was quite regular and spherical. Interactions and composition in the samples are investigated by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The thermal stability and phase state of the drug and drug-containing polymer matrixes were tested by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powdered diffraction, revealing that the drug underwent a phase transition. A drug release kinetics study of the chosen gel-based structures in simulated saliva buffer (pH = 6.8) and mathematical modeling of the process were performed, indicating the Weibull model as the most appropriate one.
“…This polymer network is characterized by a high capacity for water absorption and retention, making chitosan-based hydrogels excellent drug carriers and active agent release systems. In addition, chitosan exhibits the ability to interact with various biologically active compounds, which can lead to improved hydrogel properties [ 5 , 6 ]. For example, chitosan can form complexes with additional therapeutic agents, such as vitamin C or plant extracts, which can lead to improved stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy.…”
In recent years, the utilization of natural components has become crucial across various industries, including medicine. Particularly in biomedical contexts, hydrogel materials are of significant importance. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop and analyze hydrogel materials infused with vitamin C. A key focus of this study was to conduct multiple syntheses with varying levels of vitamin C to explore the feasibility of creating materials with adjustable properties. The produced hydrogels underwent comprehensive physicochemical evaluation. The findings of this examination verified the correlation between the vitamin C content and the specific characteristics of the hydrogels. It was determined from these results that the samples displayed both sorptive and antioxidative capabilities, enabling their potential application in wound dressings or other biomedical uses. A notable benefit of these hydrogels is their adaptability, allowing for modifications to achieve desired attributes tailored to particular applications.
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