Recent advances of eosinophils and its correlated diseases

Abstract

Eosinophils are differentiated by bone marrow multipotent progenitor cells and are further released into peripheral blood after maturation. Human eosinophils can exhibit unique multi-leaf nuclear morphology, which are filled with cytoplasmic granules that contain cytotoxicity and immune regulatory proteins. In recent years, many studies focused on the origin, differentiation and development process of eosinophils. It has been discovered that the eosinophils have the regulatory functions of innate and adaptive immunity, and can also function in several diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, malignant tumors and so on. Hence, the role and effects of eosinophils in various diseases are emphasized. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the development and differentiation process of eosinophils, the research progress of their related cytokines, diseases and current clinical treatment options, and discussed the potential drug target, aiming to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of eosinophil-related diseases, especially respiratory diseases. To conclude, the guiding significance of future disease treatment is proposed based on the recent updated understandings into the cell functions of eosinophils.

Hematological and serum biochemistry evaluation in howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) and capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella): A comparative study

“…Although the WBC values were in accordance with the reference values available in the literature for capuchins, 16 were not for howler monkeys 21 (Table S3), thus we must consider intraspecific variations in WBC due to antigenic stimulation, stress during animal handling, and anesthesia. 21,77 In this study, males had significantly lower platelet counts than females in both species, which was similar to results described recently in spider monkeys. 78 Previous studies, although without significant difference, reported lower values for platelets in males in other platyrrhine species such as howler monkeys, 21,35,67 capuchin monkeys, 19,69,79 spider monkeys, 27 and in catarrhines including vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) 80 and long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta).…”

“…This result highlights the importance of analyzing differential WBC count to determine and establish the diagnosis of each clinical condition. Although the WBC values were in accordance with the reference values available in the literature for capuchins, 16 were not for howler monkeys 21 (Table S3), thus we must consider intraspecific variations in WBC due to antigenic stimulation, stress during animal handling, and anesthesia 21,77 …”

“…Interestingly, we found that in the differential WBC, eosinophils were elevated only in positive, but not in negative, capuchin monkeys, nor in any howler monkey studied. Eosinophilia is commonly associated with parasite infection, 77 and our results for differential WBC suggest that the degree of pathogenicity of parasitosis may vary by both parasite and host species. This result highlights the importance of analyzing differential WBC count to determine and establish the diagnosis of each clinical condition.…”

Association of peripheral eosinophil count with chronic kidney disease progression risk: a retrospective cohort study

“…Recently, signi cant advancements have been made in the research of various cytokines in diseases [31,32]. Likewise, the roles and effects of eosinophils in various diseases have been explored.…”

Recent advances of bioresponsive polymeric nanomedicine for cancer therapy

“…Apart from pH-, redox-, and enzyme-responsive nanomedicines, bioresponsive materials are available in a wide range of various types and are employed in many diseases. When developing bioresponsive materials for disease treatments, endogenous variations are appealing targets since they are frequently significant markers for several sorts of diseases [108][109][110]. Meanwhile, other typical endogenous stimuli include glucose, ions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), hypoxia, mechanical cues, as well as nucleic acids [111].…”