Recent Advances of Dicyanopyrazine (DPZ) in Photoredox Catalysis

Abstract

Visible light organophotoredox catalysis has emerged as an invaluable tool for organic synthetic transformations since it works brilliantly in tandem with organic substrates and has been known to create unique chemical environment for organic transformations. Dicyanopyrazine (DPZ), a relatively lesser researched organophotoredox catalyst, has shown great potential through its catalytic activity in organic synthesis and necessitates attention of synthetic community.

Recent progress in organophotoredox reaction

“…5,6-Disubstituted pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitriles (dicyanopyrazines, DPZs) have emerged as outstanding organic photoredox catalysts for diverse synthetic organic transformations due to the special electron structure and absorption of visible light. 56 In 2018, Jiang and coworkers 57 developed a protocol about an enantioselective minisci-type addition of α-amino acid-derived redox-active esters (RAEs) to isoquinolines. In this method, a dual organocatalytic system involving a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) and 5,6-di(5-methoxylthien-2-yl)dicyanopyrazine (DPZ) as a photosensitizer is used.…”

Rose‐Bengal‐Photocatalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions under Visible Light

“…[41][42][43][44] Visible light, the most environmentally friendly reaction inducer is being used more frequently to enable a variety of synthetic transformations in organic chemistry. [45][46][47] In this aspect, visible light-promoted photocatalysts are currently an emerging and hot research area for chemists in synthetic organic chemistry. [48][49][50] Unfortunately, most organic moieties cannot absorb visible light, as this makes it difficult to perform organic transformations using visible light, which is the main obstacle to this advancement.…”

“…Visible light, the most environmentally friendly reaction inducer is being used more frequently to enable a variety of synthetic transformations in organic chemistry [45–47] . In this aspect, visible light‐promoted photocatalysts are currently an emerging and hot research area for chemists in synthetic organic chemistry [48–50] …”

Visible light metallaphotoredox catalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically potent compounds

“…31–35 The term ‘LSF’ is now frequently applied in the field of molecular chemistry 36 as a result of the advent of such techniques and other types of methodological approaches, such as metallaphotoredox-catalyzed cross-couplings 37,38 that can be considered for LSF as well. As the small molecule synthesis relies heavily on metallaphotocatalysis, which is at the forefront of light-mediated processes, and in continuation of our work on photocatalysed organic synthesis, 39,40 in this review article, the recent applications of visible light induced metallaphotoredox catalysed trends for the late stage functionalization of organic compounds via different modes of chemical bond formation are reviewed. This review might be particularly useful for those who are already involved in the area of organic synthesis to carry out visible light mediated photocatalysed reactions by the application of metallaphotocatalysis.…”