Recent Advances of Deep Learning in Geological Hazard Forecasting

Abstract

Geological hazard is an adverse geological condition that can cause loss of life and property. Accurate prediction and analysis of geological hazards is an important and challenging task. In the past decade, there has been a great expansion of geohazard detection data and advancement in data-driven simulation techniques. In particular, great efforts have been made in applying deep learning to predict geohazards. To understand the recent progress in this field, this paper provides an overview of the commonly used data sources and deep neural networks in the prediction of a variety of geological hazards. KEYWORDSGeological hazard; deep learning; neural networks; geohazard data sources; earthquake; volcanic 1 Introduction Geological hazards are caused by endogenous and exogenous geological processes or anthropogenic factors on earth [1,2], which encompass a broad range of abnormal stratigraphic activity or extreme changes in geological environments, such as landslides, avalanches, debris flows, earthquakes, etc. Geological hazards pose a serious threat to human life and property [3]. Only by accurately forecasting the occurrence of geohazards can emergency measures be devised to mitigate the damage caused by the impending disaster. Geological hazard forecasting refers to the use of logical reasoning, numerical simulation, and comprehensive analysis based on historical geological hazard activity patterns, formation conditions, occurrence mechanisms, and other factors to speculate and assess the development and changes of geological hazards and the possible degree of danger and damage in a certain period in the future. Geohazard forecasting has attracted tremendous attention nowadays, particularly considering natural resource scarcity, environmental degradation, population expansion, sustainable development, and world economic integration. Many efforts have been made in forecasting geological hazards in the past decades. The "3S technology", including Global Position System (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS) [4], and Remote Sensing (RS), has been widely applied in the field of geological hazard forecasting [5]. The

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