Recent advances of activation techniques-based discovery of new compounds from marine fungi

A Survey of Recently Discovered Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds

“…Recent years have seen a tremendous upsurge in the discovery of halogenated natural products from marine organismsboth fungi and bacteria. Several reviews are available: “Halogenation in Fungi”, “Halometabolites isolated from the marine-derived fungi with potent pharmacological properties”, “Secondary metabolites from coral-associated fungi”, and “Activation technique-based discovery of new compounds from marine fungi” …”

Chemical and biosynthetic potential of Penicillium shentong XL-F41

“…The EtOAc fraction was chromatographed repeatedly over silica gel and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), resulting in the isolation of pure compounds 1-12 (Figure 2). According to literature reports of known compounds, some of them were identified as fusarindoles B (4) [15], dehydrocurvularin (5) [16], hydroxycurvularin (6) [17], curvularin (7) [18], curvulopyran (8) [19], (S)-6-(sec-butyl)-3-isobutylpyrazin-2(1H)-one (9) [20], 3,6-disec-butyl-2(1H)-pyrazinone (10) [20], daidzein (11) [21], and genistein (12) [22]. Notably, compound 7, corresponding to the major peak in our optimized fermentation (Figure 1), was obtained at the gram level.…”

“…This suggests a wealth of undiscovered compounds with potentially novel structures and significant biological activities. To stimulate the expression of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), several methods can be utilized, for instance, epigenetic regulation, co-culture, precursor feeding, heterologous expression, and changing fermentation parameters [11][12][13][14].…”

Marine fungi: A treasure trove of novel natural products and for biological discovery

“…Using this information, one could determine whether chromatin methylation affects secondary metabolite gene cluster expression in marine fungi. These and other activation techniques, such as coculture, precursor feeding, or altered fermentation procedures, have been reviewed recently [ 23 ]. Other strategies include a combination of the ecological role of marine-derived fungi and the design of access routes for biotechnological production, which, however, would require a multidisciplinary approach [ 24 ].…”