Recent Advances in Underwater Acoustic Modelling and Simulation

Etter, Paul C.

doi:10.1006/jsvi.2000.3212

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…HARCAM is an acoustic model which is used as a transmission loss engine of the Naval Tactical Decision Aid WADER system, a sonar range prediction and global ocean information system used operationally by the UK Royal Navy. The model has been validated by the U.K. Ministry of Defence (MOD) over a variety of frequencies (10Hz 500kHz) in both shallow and deep waters (Etter, 2001). The model has been also verified by comparison with other similar models (Etter, 2001) and UK MOD benchmark TL data.…”

Section: Ocean-acoustic Modelling Systemmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The model has been validated by the U.K. Ministry of Defence (MOD) over a variety of frequencies (10Hz 500kHz) in both shallow and deep waters (Etter, 2001). The model has been also verified by comparison with other similar models (Etter, 2001) and UK MOD benchmark TL data. HARCAM calculates the acoustic signal TL and the level of sound exposure at a distance from a sound source.…”

Section: Ocean-acoustic Modelling Systemmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea

Chen

Shapiro

Bennett

et al. 2017

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Shipping noise is a threat to marine wildlife. Grey seals are benthic foragers, and thus experience acoustic noise throughout the water column, which makes them a good model species for a case study of the potential impacts of shipping noise. We used ship track data from the Celtic Sea, seal track data and a coupled ocean-acoustic modelling system to assess the noise exposure of grey seals along their tracks. It was found that the animals experience step changes in sound levels up to~20dB at a frequency of 125Hz, and~10dB on average over 10 1000Hz when they dive through the thermocline, particularly during summer. Our results showed large seasonal differences in the noise level experienced by the seals. These results reveal the actual noise exposure by the animals and could help in marine spatial planning.

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Section: Ocean-acoustic Modelling Systemmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Ocean-acoustic Modelling Systemmentioning

confidence: 92%

Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea

Chen

Shapiro

Bennett

et al. 2017

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…[8] model type •: modeling approach is both applicable (physically) and practical (computationally) ◐: limitations in accuracy or in speed of execution ○: neither applicable nor practical. low frequency (<500 Hz), high frequency (>500 Hz) RI: range-independent environment RD: range-dependent environment [1,[9][10][11] 음선 기반의 음파 전달 알고리즘은 고전적인 음선 추적법과 가우시안 빔 추적법으로 나뉠 수 있다. [12][13][14] 고전적인 음선 추적법은 고주파수 근사 이론에 의해 …”

Section: 정영철 이근화 성우제 김형록unclassified

Development of Range-Dependent Ray Model for Sonar Simulator

Jung¹

2014

The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of Korea

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Sound propagation algorithm for a sonar simulator is required to run in real-time and should be able to model the range and depth dependence of the Korean ocean environments. Ray model satisfies these requirements and we developed an algorithm for range-dependent ocean environments. In this algorithm, we considered depth-dependence of sound speed through rays based on a rectangular cell method and layer method. Range-dependence of sound speed was implemented based on a split-step method in the range direction. Eigen-ray is calculated through an interpolation of ray bundles and Gaussian interpolation function was used. The received time signal of sonar was simulated by Fourier transform of eigen-ray solution in the frequency domain. Finally, for the verification of proposed algorithm, we compared the results of transmission loss with other validated models such as BELLHOP, SNUPE, KRAKEN and OASES, for the Pekeris waveguide, wedge, and deep ocean environments. As a result, we obtained satisfactory agreements among them.

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“…ALMOST is a range dependent ray tracing sonar performance model. It is developed for the Royal Netherlands Navy and contains modules for the calculation of transmission loss and passive and active sonar range predictions (Schippers, 1995;Etter, 2001). ALMOST can be applied to a wide range of sonar systems, and takes sound speed and bathymetric data as inputs, as well as sediment type.…”

Section: Acoustic Modeling Coupled To Oceanographic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

At-sea real-time coupled four-dimensional oceanographic and acoustic forecasts during Battlespace Preparation 2007

Lam

Haley

Janmaat

et al. 2009

Journal of Marine Systems

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Systems capable of forecasting ocean properties and acoustic performance in the littoral ocean are becoming a useful capability for scientific and operational exercises. The coupling of a data-assimilative nested ocean modeling system with an acoustic propagation modeling system was carried out at sea for the first time, within the scope of Battlespace Preparation 2007 (BP07) that was part of Marine Rapid Environmental Assessment (MREA07) exercises. The littoral region for our studies was southeast of the island of Elba ( Italy) in the Tyrrhenian basin east of Corsica and Sardinia. During BP07, several vessels collected in situ ocean data, based in part on recommendations from oceanographic forecasts. The data were assimilated into a fourdimensional high-resolution ocean modeling system. Sound-speed forecasts were then used as inputs for bearing-and range-dependent acoustic propagation forecasts. Data analyses are carried out and the set-up of the coupled oceanographic-acoustic system as well as the results of its real-time use are described. A significant finding is that oceanographic variability can considerably influence acoustic propagation properties, including the probability of detection, even in this apparently quiet region around Elba. This strengthens the importance of coupling at-sea acoustic modeling to real-time ocean forecasting. Other findings include the challenges involved in downscaling basin-scale modeling systems to high-resolution littoral models, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. Due to natural changes, global human activities and present model resolutions, the assimilation of synoptic regional ocean data is recommended in the region.

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Recent Advances in Underwater Acoustic Modelling and Simulation

Cited by 40 publications

References 109 publications

Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea

Shipping noise in a dynamic sea: a case study of grey seals in the Celtic Sea

Development of Range-Dependent Ray Model for Sonar Simulator

At-sea real-time coupled four-dimensional oceanographic and acoustic forecasts during Battlespace Preparation 2007

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