“…The AJs are extensively undercoated with filamentous actin (Fâactin) via a large number of Fâactinâbinding proteins (FABPs) (Maruthamuthu et al, 2010; Efimova & Svitkina, 2018; Steinbacher & Ebnet, 2018). For example, αEâcatenin for Eâcadherin, afadin for nectin, and ZOâ1, ZOâ2, and ZOâ3 for claudin, occludin, tricellulin, and JAM are major FABPs at the AJs and the TJs (Takai et al, 2008; Takeichi, 2014; Furuse & Takai, 2021). These AJ and TJ components cooperatively organize the AJC: nectin first initiates cell adhesion and recruits Eâcadherin to the nectinâmediated cell adhesion sites by the binding of afadin to αÎâcatenin, enhancing the trans âinteraction of Eâcadherin to form the AJs during and/or after the formation of the AJs, and trans âinteracting nectin enhances the recruitment of first JAM and then claudin and occludin to the apical side of the AJs by the binding of afadin to ZOâ1 to form the TJs, eventually establishing the AJC (Takai et al, 2008).…”