Recent advances in understanding the role of solvated electrons at the plasma-liquid interface of solution-based gas discharges

Elg, Daniel T.; Delgado, Hernan E.; Martin, Daniel C.; Sankaran, R. Mohan; Rumbach, Paul; Bartels, David M.; Go, David B.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2021.106307

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Water molecules were energized, broken down, or ionized as a result of the reaction between these high-energy electrons and the molecules. The second-order recombination of , which corresponds to hydrogen evolution in the electrolytic system, was created when the hydrated electrons that were dissolved in the water with low energy reacted with the water molecules 19 , 20 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-based one-step synthesis of tungsten oxide nanoparticles in short time

Baharlounezhad

Mohammadi

Zakerhamidi

2023

Sci Rep

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Nanostructured tungsten oxide as a semiconductor metal oxide has attracted considerable attention due to its promising and notable properties. Tungsten oxide nanoparticles can be used in a wide range of technology and applications such as catalysts, sensors, supercapacitors, etc. In this study, nanoparticles were prepared via a simple method using an atmospheric glow discharge. This modern approach had many advantages such as high efficiency and straightforward function. Synthesis performance was done in only one step and a short time which started at 2 min and had been continued for 8 min. The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the formation $${\mathrm{WO}}_{3}$$ WO 3 at atmospheric pressure. The synthesized particle size was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. According to the experimental results, the synthesis was greatly influenced by the applied voltage, gas type, and plasma forming side over the water surface. Increases in electrical potential difference and thermal conductivity of the gas led to a greater rate of synthesis, while this rate was reduced by decreasing the atomic weight of the gas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-based one-step synthesis of tungsten oxide nanoparticles in short time

Baharlounezhad

Mohammadi

Zakerhamidi

2023

Sci Rep

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“…В качестве жидкого электрода, как правило, используются растворы солей различных концентраций в дистиллированной, технической или очищенной водопроводной воде. Зажигание разряда осуществляется в газоразрядных камерах с различными типами и формами конфигурации электродов, включающие в себя системы: твердый−жидкий электроды [2][3][4][5], жидкий (проточный)−жидкий (непроточный) электроды [6], жидкий (проточный)−жидкий (проточный) электроды [7]. Наиболее распространенные схемы зажигания разряда осуществляются при погружении металлического электрода в электролит [8], либо при расположении металлического электрода на некотором расстоянии от поверхности электролита [9].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Высокочастотный Разряд Между Металлическим И Жидким (Неметаллическим) Электродами

Мирханов¹,

Гайсин²,

Басыров³

et al. 2023

Журнал Технической Физики

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The work is devoted to the study of the characteristics of a low-temperature plasma of a high-frequency (HF) discharge (f = 13.56 MHz) ignited between metallic and electrolytic electrodes at atmospheric pressure. Burning of an RF discharge in a diffuse (volumetric) form is observed at the interface between the media between the electrodes. Numerical calculations of the electric field strength and the distribution of the volumetric power density of the Joule heat release before breakdown in a vapor-gas mixture near a metal electrode are presented. The discharge radiation spectrum, plasma composition, and electron density were studied by optical emission spectroscopy. The thermograms of the electrode surface under the conditions of an RF discharge are considered.

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“…During this process, the electric dipole moment of the microscopic particle will change to some extent, leading to varying the electrical or optical properties of the molecular material. CT is a common phenomenon in physical and chemical reactions. − Due to its rich dynamic behavior in the study of chemistry and physics, − charge-transfer plays an important role in many basic research and technical applications such as nanomanufacturing, , catalytic reaction, , and plasma-surface interaction . Back in the 1950s, Hagstrum opened up the CT research field by developing ion neutralization spectroscopy and made a key discussion of CT mechanisms and related kinetic processes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The donor part and acceptor part of a molecule are usually connected by a covalent bond or a conjugate bridge. The ICT mechanism is considered to be the most basic and critical step in various photophysical and photochemical processes. − ICT is sometimes subdivided into twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) ,, for organic molecules with different structures. In a quantitative description on the CT process, the first principle based on local density approximation (LDA) and general gradient approximation (GGA) is a common and important calculating method .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge Transfer and Level Lifetime in Molecular Photon-Absorption upon the Quantum Impedance Lorentz Oscillator

et al. 2023

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On the strength of the new quantum impedance Lorentz oscillator (QILO) model, a charge-transfer method in molecular photon-absorption is proposed and imaged via the numerical simulations of 1- and 2-photon-absorption (1PA and 2PA) behaviors of the organic compounds LB3 and M4 in this paper. According to the frequencies at the peaks and the full width at half-maximums (FWHMs) of the linear absorptive spectra of the two compounds, we first calculate the effective quantum numbers before and after the electronic transitions. Thus, we obtain the molecular average dipole moments, i.e., 1.8728 × 10–29 C·m (5.6145 D) for LB3 and 1.9626 × 10–29 C·m (5.8838 D) for M4 in the ground state in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. Then, the molecular 2PA cross sections corresponding to wavelength are theoretically inferred and figured out by QILO. As a result, the theoretical cross sections turn out to be in good agreement with the experimental ones. Our results reveal such a charge-transfer image in 1PA near wavelength 425 nm, where an atomic electron of LB3 jumps from the ground-state ellipse orbit with the semimajor axis a i = 1.2492 × 10–10 m = 1.2492 Å and semiminor axis b i = 0.4363 Å to the excited-state circle (a j = b j = 2.5399 Å). In addition, during its 2PA process, the same transitional electron in the ground state is excited to the elliptic orbit with a j = 2.5399 Å and b j =1.3808 Å, in which the molecular dipole moment reaches as high as 3.4109 × 10–29 C·m (10.2256 D). In addition, we obtain a level-lifetime formula with the microparticle collision idea of thermal motion, which indicates that the level lifetime is proportional (not inverse) to the damping coefficient or FWHM of an absorptive spectrum. The lifetimes of the two compounds at some excited states are calculated and presented. This formula may be used as an experimental method to verify 1PA and 2PA transition selection rules. The QILO model exhibits the advantage of simplifying the calculation complexity and reducing the high cost associated with the first principle in dealing with quantum properties of optoelectronic materials.

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Recent advances in understanding the role of solvated electrons at the plasma-liquid interface of solution-based gas discharges

Cited by 31 publications

References 151 publications

Plasma-based one-step synthesis of tungsten oxide nanoparticles in short time

Plasma-based one-step synthesis of tungsten oxide nanoparticles in short time

Высокочастотный Разряд Между Металлическим И Жидким (Неметаллическим) Электродами

Charge Transfer and Level Lifetime in Molecular Photon-Absorption upon the Quantum Impedance Lorentz Oscillator

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