Recent advances in understanding the role of eosinophils

Constantine, Gregory; Klion, Amy D.

doi:10.12703/r/11-26

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Improvement of FEV1 was comparable in mepolizumab and benralizumab groups, slightly better than in the dupilumab group. Mepolizumab caused the most serious side effects in both study subgroups [39]. The conclusion of the meta-analysis was that mepolizumab, dupilumab, and benralizumab are characterized by similar efficacy and safety in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma [49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Comparison Of Anti-eosinophil Biological Drugsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Eosinophil-targeted biologics are divided according to their mechanisms of eosinophil reduction: IL-5 depletion (mepolizumab and reslizumab), antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (benralizumab) and interference with eosinophil transport to tissues (dupilumab). Mepolizumab binds soluble IL-5, preventing it from attaching to the IL-5 receptor on eosinophils and thereby suppressing eosinophil growth and activation [39]. Benralizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody which possesses the particular feature of binding to a conformationally distinct epitope within domain 1 of the IL-5R-chain with high affinity.…”

Section: Available Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological treatment options for eosinophilic asthma, with consideration of markers of eosinophilic inflammation as predictors of treatment efficacy

Niemiec,

Branicka,

Rymarczyk

et al. 2024

pja

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Asthma is one of the most common allergic diseases affecting millions of people of all ages worldwide and influencing socioeconomic issues. Asthma, particularly uncontrolled asthma, not only reduces the quality of life but is also a major cause of disability for employment. The current pharmacologic strategy to therapy consists mostly of inhaled glucocorticoids and β-agonists, as well as leukotriene antagonists, long-acting muscarinic antagonists, and oral corticosteroids. However, the conventional therapy may provide insufficient control of severe asthma and may induce a number of adverse effects when used long-term. These limitations prompted the development of targeted biological drugs that inhibit the mediators involved in T helper 2-inflammation, which is linked to the pathogenesis of asthma, such as interleukin 4, 5, 9, 13 and immunoglobulin E. In many individuals, biological treatment provides significant relief and allows for the reduction or elimination of oral corticosteroids without compromising asthma control. However, some patients do not improve to their full potential. The cause of this phenomenon is unknown and requires further investigation.

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Section: Comparison Of Anti-eosinophil Biological Drugsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Available Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological treatment options for eosinophilic asthma, with consideration of markers of eosinophilic inflammation as predictors of treatment efficacy

Niemiec,

Branicka,

Rymarczyk

et al. 2024

pja

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“…[1,2] This limited view of eosinophils has now been refuted by data showing broader and more impactful roles in both health and disease. [3,4] Eosinophilia is defined as an absolute eosinophil count above 500/µL, which occurs in 3 different forms: primary, secondary, and idiopathic. [5] Primary eosinophilia is rare and is caused by intrinsically-triggered clonal hematopoiesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-cause mortality and related factors in patients with varying degrees of peripheral blood eosinophilia

Yilmaz,

Sahin

2024

Medicine

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The aim of this study was to investigate all-cause mortality rates and related factors in patients with different levels of eosinophilia. This retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2020 and December 2022 in the Internal Medicine Department of Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye. A total of 161 patients with eosinophilia (at least 3 times) were included and divided into groups with absolute eosinophil counts of 500–999/µL (mild), 1000–1500/µL (moderate), and >1500/µL (severe). The mean age of patients was 65.67 ± 16.64 years at the time of admission, and 45 patients (57.8%) were male. The rates of mortality, oncological disease, and organ involvement were significantly higher in the severe group (P < .05). Increased serum total immunoglobulin E and vitamin B12, hematocrit value, eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and leukocyte were observed in eosinophilic patients. Decreased lymphocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit values were higher in deceased patients than in survivors (P < .05). Increased eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, vitamin B12, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were observed in participants who died compared to those who survived (P < .05). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that advanced age and higher LDH activity were independently associated with greater mortality risk while receiving non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs or proton-pump inhibitors were associated with reduced mortality risk (P < .05). Advanced age and increased LDH activity were independently associated with greater risk for mortality, whereas absolute eosinophil counts was not. Considering the literature on this topic, our results show the need for further clinical and fundamental research to understand the role of eosinophils in human disease.

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“…Eosinophils have been traditionally associated with allergic diseases, such as asthma, and parasitic infections ( 4 – 6 ), where these cells are able, respectively, to modulate the immune response and contribute to parasite destruction through the release of their granule-derived content ( 7 ). However, in recent years, this concept has been revised, and eosinophils are known to play a role in a wide variety of important biological processes, including regulation of homeostasis ( 8 , 9 ), immune maintenance ( 10 ), glucose metabolism in adipose tissue ( 11 ), tissue regeneration ( 12 , 13 ), autoimmunity ( 14 ), host defense against bacterial and viral infections ( 15 – 17 ), immune regulation through T helper 1 (Th1)/T helper 2 (Th2) balance modulation ( 18 , 19 ) and cancer ( 20 ). Eosinophils may have, otherwise, active participation in several physiopathological mechanisms, such as exacerbation of inflammation and tissue damage, such as in some endotypes of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, and hypereosinophilic syndromes ( 14 , 21 , 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections

et al. 2023

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Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much as 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines and alarmins (such as IL-33), adhesion molecules and chemokines. Eosinophils play a prominent role in allergic asthma and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, they participate in the immune response against respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Notably, respiratory viruses are associated with asthma exacerbation. Eosinophils release several molecules endowed with antiviral activity, including cationic proteins, RNases and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. On the other hand, eosinophils release several cytokines involved in homeostasis maintenance and Th2-related inflammation. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence indicates that eosinophils can represent possible blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and severity prediction of disease. In particular, eosinopenia seems to be an indicator of severity among patients with COVID-19, whereas an increased eosinophil count is associated with a better prognosis, including a lower incidence of complications and mortality. In the present review, we provide an overview of the role and plasticity of eosinophils focusing on various respiratory viral infections and in the context of viral and allergic disease comorbidities. We will discuss the potential utility of eosinophils as prognostic/predictive immune biomarkers in emerging respiratory viral diseases, particularly COVID-19. Finally, we will revisit some of the relevant methods and tools that have contributed to the advances in the dissection of various eosinophil subsets in different pathological settings for future biomarker definition.

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Recent advances in understanding the role of eosinophils

Cited by 8 publications

References 142 publications

Biological treatment options for eosinophilic asthma, with consideration of markers of eosinophilic inflammation as predictors of treatment efficacy

Biological treatment options for eosinophilic asthma, with consideration of markers of eosinophilic inflammation as predictors of treatment efficacy

All-cause mortality and related factors in patients with varying degrees of peripheral blood eosinophilia

Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections

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