Recent advances in understanding resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy in humans

Joanisse, Sophie; Lim, Changhyun; McKendry, James; Mcleod, Jonathan C; Stokes, Tanner; Phillips, Stuart M.

doi:10.12688/f1000research.21588.1

Cited by 55 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The main way resistance training increases skeletal muscle mass is by increasing muscle protein synthesis through mTOR activation [52]. The phosphorylation of mTOR activates several downstream kinases, which increase translational efficiency and capacity [52]. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no significant interaction of RC extract compared to PLA on signaling proteins related to muscle protein synthesis and breakdown in response to a single resistance exercise bout combined with protein supplementation.…”

Section: Changes In Protein Expression In Response To Resistance Exercontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…The response to resistance training is reduced in postmenopausal women [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], but treatment with HT seems to increase the response to resistance training [ 10 ]. The main way resistance training increases skeletal muscle mass is by increasing muscle protein synthesis through mTOR activation [ 52 ]. The phosphorylation of mTOR activates several downstream kinases, which increase translational efficiency and capacity [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Fermented Red Clover Extract on Skeletal Muscle in Early Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blinded Cross-Over Study

et al. 2020

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Objective: To investigate effects of supplementation with a fermented red clover (RC) extract on signaling proteins related to muscle protein synthesis and breakdown at rest and in response to a resistance exercise bout. Methods: Ten postmenopausal women completed a double-blinded cross-over trial with two different intervention periods performed in random order: (A) RC extract twice daily for 14 days, and (B) placebo drink twice daily for 14 days. The intervention periods were separated by a two-week washout period. After each intervention period a muscle tissue sample was obtained before and three hours after a one-legged resistance exercise bout. Muscle strength was assessed before and after each intervention period. Results: Protein expression of FOXO1 and FOXO3a, two key transcription factors involved in protein degradation, were significantly lower and HSP27, a protein involved in cell protection and prevention of protein aggregation was significantly higher following RC extract compared to placebo. No significant treatment × time interaction was observed for muscle protein expression in response to exercise. However, p-mTOR, p-p70S6k and HSP90 protein content were significantly increased in response to exercise in both groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that RC extract supplementation downregulates molecular markers of muscle protein degradation compared to placebo in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Changes In Protein Expression In Response To Resistance Exercontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Fermented Red Clover Extract on Skeletal Muscle in Early Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blinded Cross-Over Study

et al. 2020

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“…ET, especially resistance ET, leads to muscle hypertrophy and improved muscle strength [ 239 ]. This could help counter cancer cachexia and benefit metabolic regulation as skeletal muscle is a vital site for postprandial glucose uptake.…”

Section: Exercise Is the Most Powerful Means To Improve Metabolic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise—A Panacea of Metabolic Dysregulation in Cancer: Physiological and Molecular Insights

Raun

Buch-Larsen

Schwarz

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Metabolic dysfunction is a comorbidity of many types of cancers. Disruption of glucose metabolism is of concern, as it is associated with higher cancer recurrence rates and reduced survival. Current evidence suggests many health benefits from exercise during and after cancer treatment, yet only a limited number of studies have addressed the effect of exercise on cancer-associated disruption of metabolism. In this review, we draw on studies in cells, rodents, and humans to describe the metabolic dysfunctions observed in cancer and the tissues involved. We discuss how the known effects of acute exercise and exercise training observed in healthy subjects could have a positive outcome on mechanisms in people with cancer, namely: insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cachexia. Finally, we compile the current limited knowledge of how exercise corrects metabolic control in cancer and identify unanswered questions for future research.

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“…Weightlifting exercise is well established as an exercise modality of resistance exercise to improve skeletal muscle mass [ 1 , 2 ], strength [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], endurance [ 6 , 7 ] and power [ 8 , 9 ]. These positive adaptations in skeletal muscle function translate into athletic performance [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] and health-related [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] benefits in a range of populations [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation has been evidenced to induce an ergogenic effect in endurance and sprint-type exercise, which may be underpinned by enhanced muscle contractility and perfusion, particularly in type II muscle fibers. However, limited data are available to evaluate the ergogenic potential of NO3− supplementation during other exercise modalities that mandate type II fiber recruitment, such as weightlifting exercise (i.e., resistance exercise). In this systematic review, we examine the existing evidence basis for NO3− supplementation to improve muscular power, velocity of contraction, and muscular endurance during weightlifting exercise in healthy adults. We also discuss the potential mechanistic bases for any positive effects of NO3− supplementation on resistance exercise performance. Dialnet, Directory of Open Access Journals, Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and SPORT Discus databases were searched for articles using the keywords: nitrate or beetroot and supplement or nut*r or diet and strength or “resistance exercise” or “resistance training” or “muscular power”. Four articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. Two of the four studies indicated that NO3− supplementation could increase aspects of upper body weightlifting exercise (i.e., bench press) performance (increases in mean power/velocity of contraction/number of repetitions to failure), whereas another study observed an increase in the number of repetitions to failure during lower limb weightlifting exercise (i.e., back squat). Although these preliminary observations are encouraging, further research is required for the ergogenic potential of NO3− supplementation on weightlifting exercise performance to be determined.

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Recent advances in understanding resistance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy in humans

Cited by 55 publications

References 98 publications

Influence of Fermented Red Clover Extract on Skeletal Muscle in Early Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blinded Cross-Over Study

Influence of Fermented Red Clover Extract on Skeletal Muscle in Early Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blinded Cross-Over Study

Exercise—A Panacea of Metabolic Dysregulation in Cancer: Physiological and Molecular Insights

Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

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