Recent advances in understanding primary ovarian insufficiency

Abstract

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an uncommon yet devastating occurrence that results from a premature depletion of the ovarian pool of primordial follicles. Our understanding of both putative and plausible mechanisms underlying POI, previously considered to be largely “idiopathic”, has been furthered over the past several years, largely due to advances in the field of genetics and through expansion of translational models for experimental research. In this review, our goal is to familiarize the multidisciplinary readers of the F1000 platform with the strides made in the field of reproductive medicine that hold both preventative and therapeutic implications for those women who are at risk for or who have POI.

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Past, Present, and Future

“…Trisomy X (47 XXX or mosaic) (Allen et al, 2007;Chapman et al, 2015;Dawood et al, 2018;Kirshenbaum and Orvieto, 2019;Wesevich et al, 2020) Deletion of X chromosome (Allen et al, 2007;Chapman et al, 2015;Dawood et al, 2018;Kirshenbaum and Orvieto, 2019;Wesevich et al, 2020) Turner mosaic (45XO/46XX) (Allen et al, 2007;Chapman et al, 2015;Dawood et al, 2018;Kirshenbaum and Orvieto, 2019;Wesevich et al, 2020) Turner syndrome (Torrealday et al, 2017) Fragile X premature (Allen et al, 2007;Chapman et al, 2015;Dawood et al, 2018;Kirshenbaum and Orvieto, 2019;Wesevich et al, 2020) Autoimmune Chromosomal abnormalities, genetic polymorphisms, and single-gene mutations have been recognized as causes of POI (Wesevich et al, 2020). X-chromosomal defects linked to POI indicate that this chromosome is vital to normal ovarian function, as these defects cause POI development.…”

“…Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by deficient ovarian sex hormones and decreased ovarian reserve, which together lead to an accelerated reduction in ovarian function and an early onset of menopause ( Wesevich et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Premature ovarian insufficiency is a medical condition in which ovarian follicles are depleted and cease to function normally both as reproductive organs and endocrine organs in women under 40 years old ( Welt, 2008 ; Jankowska, 2017 ). It is characterized by deficient ovarian sex hormones and decreased ovarian follicles that accelerate the onset of menopause ( Wesevich et al, 2020 ). This condition often results in subfertility or infertility, as it is associated with hypoestrogenism, which causes menstrual irregularities and pregnancy failures ( Ebrahimi and Akbari Asbagh, 2011 ).…”

Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Ovarian Surface Epithelium-derived Ovarian Stem Cells and Ovarian Function in 4-vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide-induced Ovarian Failure Mice.

“…Recently many studies have tested the applicability of stem cell therapies in treating infertility of ovarian aging using various stem cells including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCS), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), amniotic uid stem cells (AFSCs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), menstrualblood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs),oogonial stem cells [18][19][20]. Meanwhile, many studies have demonstrated that ovarian surface epithelium (OSE)-derived ovarian stem cells (OSCs) exist in both juvenile and adult mouse ovary as well as in the postmenopausal women ovary [21][22][23][24].…”

Effects of coenzyme Q10 on ovarian surface epithelium-derived ovarian stem cells and ovarian function in a 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-induced murine model of ovarian failure

“…Recently, many studies have examined the efficacies of stem cell therapies for treating infertility due to ovarian aging. The stem cells include bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCS), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), menstrual blood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs), and oogonial stem cells [ 18 – 20 ]. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that ovarian surface epithelium (OSE)-derived ovarian stem cells (OSCs) are present in the ovaries of juvenile and adult mice and in those of postmenopausal women [ 21 – 24 ].…”