Recent advances in understanding emotion-driven temporal distortions

Lake, Jessica I.

doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.02.009

Cited by 57 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Given that senescence is observed in natural populations of animals—affecting their foraging strategies based, in part, on interval timing and the setting of temporal horizons (Bateson, 2003 ; MacDonald et al, 2007 ), the understanding of age-related changes in timing and time perception would appear to have widespread implications for bio-gerontology, emotional regulation, time-based prospective memory and other types of temporal cognition (e.g., Löckenhoff and Carstensen, 2007 ; Löckenhoff, 2011 ; Alexander et al, 2012 ; Nussey et al, 2013 ; Anderson et al, 2014 ; Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2014 ; Matthews and Meck, 2014 , 2016 ; Tucci et al, 2014 ; Vanneste et al, 2015 ; Lake, 2016 ; Lake et al, 2016 ; Mather, 2016 ). By providing a foundation for evaluating brain aging effects on timing and time perception we are now better prepared to evaluate the need for and effectiveness of interventions designed to alleviate age-related declines in temporal cognition (Roberts and Allen, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy

Turgeon

Lustig

Meck

2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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This review outlines the basic psychological and neurobiological processes associated with age-related distortions in timing and time perception in the hundredths of milliseconds-to-minutes range. The difficulty in separating indirect effects of impairments in attention and memory from direct effects on timing mechanisms is addressed. The main premise is that normal aging is commonly associated with increased noise and temporal uncertainty as a result of impairments in attention and memory as well as the possible reduction in the accuracy and precision of a central timing mechanism supported by dopamine-glutamate interactions in cortico-striatal circuits. Pertinent to these findings, potential interventions that may reduce the likelihood of observing age-related declines in timing are discussed. Bayesian optimization models are able to account for the adaptive changes observed in time perception by assuming that older adults are more likely to base their temporal judgments on statistical inferences derived from multiple trials than on a single trial’s clock reading, which is more susceptible to distortion. We propose that the timing functions assigned to the age-sensitive fronto-striatal network can be subserved by other neural networks typically associated with finely-tuned perceptuo-motor adjustments, through degeneracy principles (different structures serving a common function).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy

Turgeon

Lustig

Meck

2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…It has been reported that the manipulation of time perception can influence the intensity of perceived pain (15), as well as emotional responses (16). If perceived time can also influence glucose levels, the research will provide further evidence of the inextricable relationship between mind and body.…”

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confidence: 88%

Blood sugar level follows perceived time rather than actual time in people with type 2 diabetes

Chanmo

Pagnini

Reece

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The current study investigates whether perceived time has an effect on blood glucose level in people with type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis is that perceived time will have a greater influence over blood glucose level than actual time. Changes in blood glucose levels were measured in 46 participants with diabetes while they completed simple tasks during a 90-min period. Participants' perception of time was manipulated by having them refer to clocks that were either accurate or altered to run fast or slow. Blood glucose levels changed in accordance with how much time they believed had passed instead of how much time had actually passed. These results are an example of the influence psychological processes can directly exert on the body. T he relationship between expectations and physiological responses has received much attention in the study of the placebo effect (1, 2), a phenomenon producing physiological changes in the body without specific biological stimulation (3). For example, the expectation that an activity leads to a decrease in weight may result in an actual reduction of weight (4), and perceptions also change physiological responses to food consumption (5). Similarly, study participants role-playing air force pilots, a group expected to have excellent vision, had better vision than control participants (6). Despite a broad range of data describing the influence of mental states over the body, the role of psychological processes, especially when dealing with chronic health conditions, has been frequently underestimated. The connection between mind and body has received particularly limited attention in the study of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes.Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes, is a chronic disease that affects millions (7). Its symptoms include periodic rises in blood glucose levels (BGLs) because the body produces insufficient insulin and/or resists the effects of insulin, leading to short-term severe shock and multiple long-term complications including strokes, neuropathies, kidney disease, and vision problems (8). Genetic factors appear to be a strong biological trigger (9), and obesity seems to be a powerful environmental trigger (10).Although recognized as relevant psychosocial elements in diabetes management, few psychological factors have been studied for the effect they can exert on diabetic physiology. The majority of studies concerning psychological issues and diabetes have focused on depression, a serious comorbid condition (11), or on the negative effect of distress on disease management (12). Apart from studies on depression and distress, limited efforts have been made to investigate the effect of psychological variables on blood sugar regulation. No studies to our knowledge have investigated the potential for psychological mechanisms to directly influence BGLs.Glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes follow a particular time course, but how is the course determined? Current models suggest it is determined solely by physiological factors (13). There is, howeve...

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“…Furthermore, many commonly prescribed drugs powerfully modulate dopaminergic signaling. Thus, understanding the precise mechanism of dopaminergic control of emotion and clock speed is of great clinical relevance, as it may help provide insight into symptoms of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and ADHD, as well as help develop and tune current and novel therapies and genetic tests for these and other human diseases including drug abuse, anxiety, and depression (e.g., Bartholomew et al, 2015;Howland, 2012;Lake, 2016;Lake et al, in press;Meck, 2005;Schapira et al, 2006;Thönes & Oberfeld, 2015;Tomasi et al, 2015;Wittmann et al, 2007).…”

Section: Clinical Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clock Speed as a Window into Dopaminergic Control of Emotion and Time Perception

Cheng

Tipples

Narayanan

et al. 2016

Timing Time Percept

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Although fear-producing treatments (e.g., electric shock) and pleasure-inducing treatments (e.g., methamphetamine) have different emotional valences, they both produce physiological arousal and lead to effects on timing and time perception that have been interpreted as reflecting an increase in speed of an internal clock. In this commentary, we review the results reported by Fayolle et al. (2015): Behav. Process., 120, 135-140) and Meck (1983: J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process., 9, 171-201) using electric shock and by Maricq et al. (1981: J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process., 7, 18-30) using methamphetamine in a duration-bisection procedure across multiple duration ranges. The psychometric functions obtained from this procedure relate the proportion 'long' responses to signal durations spaced between a pair of 'short' and 'long' anchor durations. Horizontal shifts in these functions can be described in terms of attention or arousal processes depending upon whether they are a fixed number of seconds independent of the timed durations (additive) or proportional to the durations being timed (multiplicative). Multiplicative effects are thought to result from a change in clock speed that is regulated by dopamine activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. These dopaminergic effects are discussed within the context of the striatal beat frequency model of interval timing (Matell & Meck, 2004: Cogn. Brain Res., 21, 139-170) and clinical implications for the effects of emotional reactivity on temporal cognition (Parker et al., 2013: Front. Integr. Neurosci., 7, 75).

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Recent advances in understanding emotion-driven temporal distortions

Cited by 57 publications

References 63 publications

Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy

Cognitive Aging and Time Perception: Roles of Bayesian Optimization and Degeneracy

Blood sugar level follows perceived time rather than actual time in people with type 2 diabetes

Clock Speed as a Window into Dopaminergic Control of Emotion and Time Perception

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