Recent Advances in Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Rybicka, Magda; Bielawski, Krzysztof Piotr

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8091416

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…At present, the clinical detection of HBV is mainly based on quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and serological testing. Although qPCR is highly sensitive, it requires specialized equipment and personnel, and is time-consuming, thus limiting its use in point-of-care testing [ 7 , 8 ]. HBV serological testing has been widely used in community hospitals due to its simplicity and rapid detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas12-Based Ultra-Sensitive and Specific Point-of-Care Detection of HBV

Ding

Long

Yuan

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Hepatitis B remains a major global public health challenge, with particularly high prevalence in medically disadvantaged western Pacific and African regions. Although clinically available technologies for the qPCR detection of HBV are well established, research on point-of-care testing has not progressed substantially. The development of a rapid, accurate point-of-care test is essential for the prevention and control of hepatitis B in medically disadvantaged rural areas. The development of the CRISPR/Cas system in nucleic acid detection has allowed for pathogen point-of-care detection. Here, we developed a rapid and accurate point-of-care assay for HBV based on LAMP-Cas12a. It innovatively solves the problem of point-of-care testing in 10 min, particularly the problem of sample nucleic acid extraction. Based on LAMP-Cas12a, visualization of the assay results is presented by both a fluorescent readout and by lateral flow test strips. The lateral flow test strip technology can achieve results visible to the naked eye, while fluorescence readout can achieve real-time high-sensitivity detection. The fluorescent readout-based Cas12a assay can achieve HBV detection with a limit of detection of 1 copy/μL within 13 min, while the lateral flow test strip technique only takes 20 min. In the evaluation of 73 clinical samples, the sensitivity and specificity of both the fluorescence readout and lateral flow test strip method were 100%, and the results of the assay were fully comparable to qPCR. The LAMP-Cas12a-based HBV assay relies on minimal equipment to provide rapid, accurate test results and low costs, providing significant practical value for point-of-care HBV detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas12-Based Ultra-Sensitive and Specific Point-of-Care Detection of HBV

Ding

Long

Yuan

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Over the past decade, the epidemiology has been changing because of universal vaccination, HBV screening programs, and the migration of people between low and high prevalence regions. Surprisingly, the current predominant route of HBV is mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), accounting for approximately 50% of the number of global patients [2]. In the high endemic regions, MTCT is the main route of infection, and the risk of progression to chronicity is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnancy: Immunological Response, Natural Course and Pregnancy Outcomes

Sirilert

Tongsong

2021

JCM

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This review aimed to provide an update on the impact of pregnancy on the natural course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and also on the impact of HBV infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). For the literature review, original research articles, review articles, and guidelines were narratively reviewed and comprehensively validated. The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL were carefully searched for articles in English on topics related to HBV infection, pregnancy, and vertical transmission from 1960 to May 2021. Immunological changes during pregnancy such as suppression of Th1 response and induction of Th2 immunity lead to an impaired immune reaction to HBV and stimulate viral activity along with the reduction of CD8 T cells to escape immune detection. The impact of pregnancy on the natural course of chronic HBV infection seems to be minimal, while pregnancy can increase morbidity and mortality in the case of advanced HBV hepatitis or cirrhosis. Importantly, hepatitis flare or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare can occur during pregnancy and is more common during the postpartum period due to the interaction between HBV and the immune response. Interestingly, the impact of HBV infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes is more serious than ever thought. Updated evidence indicates that pregnancies with chronic HBV infection increase the risk of preterm birth and gestational diabetes, especially in cases of positive hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg).

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“…The virus has a special trophism for hepatocytes, to which it adheres and integrates upon initial infection[ 46 ]. After viral uncoating, the DNA integrates to the host nucleus as a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that can persist indefinitely in the hepatocytes; this explains the possibility of HBV reactivation in chronic inactive disease[ 47 ]. Ultimately, through a process driven by reverse transcriptase, new viral molecules are assembled from the cccDNA and are released by exocytosis.…”

Section: Hepatitis Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

From hepatitis A to E: A critical review of viral hepatitis

Castañeda

Gonzalez

Alomari

et al. 2021

WJG

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Viral infections affecting the liver have had an important impact on humanity, as they have led to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with acute and chronic infections. Once an unknown etiology, the discovery of the viral agents triggered interest of the scientific community to establish the pathogenesis and diagnostic modalities to identify the affected population. With the rapid scientific and technological advances in the last centuries, controlling and even curing the infections became a possibility, with a large focus on preventive medicine through vaccination. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E is required by primary care physicians and gastroenterologists to provide care to these patients. The review article describes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and current medication regimens, with a focus on upcoming treatment options and the role of liver transplantation.

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Recent Advances in Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Cited by 24 publications

References 215 publications

CRISPR/Cas12-Based Ultra-Sensitive and Specific Point-of-Care Detection of HBV

CRISPR/Cas12-Based Ultra-Sensitive and Specific Point-of-Care Detection of HBV

Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnancy: Immunological Response, Natural Course and Pregnancy Outcomes

From hepatitis A to E: A critical review of viral hepatitis

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