Recent Advances in Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Ovarian Cancer

Mills, Kathryn; Fuh, Katherine C.

doi:10.12688/f1000research.9977.1

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 109 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In most cases TP 53 is mutated in ± 96% of the cases while 9 other genes are mutated at a very low abundancy [29]. This leads to a limited number of targets for a cytotoxic immune response, which is reflected by the low response of immunotherapy [30]. In those cases where the immunotherapy was functional a durable response was measured [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokines are Underestimated in Preventing the Metastasizing and the Immune Elimination of Ovarian Cancer

Torensma¹,

Zusterzeel²

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nowadays the positive immune involvement in the eradication of tumor cells is assigned to the adaptive immune response. By awakening of in vivo responding T cells that are suppressed by the tumor and prevents immunological cure of the cancer. The adaptive immune response is a complex of different cells and protein molecules. Normally activated T cells are well-ordered by several late occurring inhibitors to contain the response to the unknown invaders and spare the normal cells. The tumor strengthens this inhibitory response to escape from immune elimination. Immunotherapy is to unleash the full capacity of the adaptive immune system by blocking this inhibitor response by monoclonal antibodies but with the potential drawback of autoimmune phenomena. Seen the success of the immunotherapy another feature of the immune system is overlooked. Cytokines and chemokines became in oblivion after their suspected necrosis of the tumor (TNF) did not fulfil their initial hope. When patients seek help for their complaints the ovarian cancer is in most cases already metastasized to the peritoneum and omentum. Here, we show that on the one hand chemokines produced by Th2, CD8 and NK cells inhibit cancer spreading and thus leads to a better operability and thus better survival. On the other hand, chemokine receptors are expressed by the tumor that are a decoy by binding chemokines that normally should attract antigen cross-presenting dendritic cells, which start an adaptive T cell response.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokines are Underestimated in Preventing the Metastasizing and the Immune Elimination of Ovarian Cancer

Torensma¹,

Zusterzeel²

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…EOC is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Despite several advances in treatment, including chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery, the 5-year survival rate remains only 46% (1,2,3). Therefore, it is important to develop new treatment strategies against EOC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy with 125,000 deaths each year worldwide, and the 5-year overall survival rate is only 46% (1-3). The standard treatment for EOC is optimal cytoreductive surgery followed by combination chemotherapy using taxane-and platinum-based regimens (1)(2)(3). However, the majority of patients develop recurrence with latency periods that range from years to decades due to the persistence and recurrence of dormant, drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of MED12 Induces Tumor Dormancy in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via Downregulation of EGFR

Luo

Deng

et al. 2018

Cancer Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A high rate of disease relapse makes epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) the leading cause of death among all gynecologic malignancies. These relapses are often due to tumor dormancy. Here we identify the RNA polymerase II transcriptional mediator subunit 12 (MED12) as an important molecular regulator of tumor dormancy. MED12 knockout (KO) induced dormancy of EOC cells and, and microarray analysis showed that MED12 KO decreased expression of EGFR. Restoration of EGFR expression in MED12 KO cells restored proliferation. Additionally, MED12 bound to the promoter of EGFR, and correlation studies showed that MED12 expression positively correlated with EGFR expression in EOC patient samples. Clinical data demonstrated that chemotherapy-resistant patients expressed lower levels of MED12 compared with responsive patients. Overall, our data show that MED12 plays an important role in regulating dormancy of EOC through regulation of EGFR. MED12 is identified as a novel, important regulator of tumor dormancy in human ovarian cancer. .

show abstract

“…3 Yet chemotherapeutic agents can cause side effects and are only able to prolong five-year survival rates for patients with an advanced stage of the disease-such as stage IIICfor a mere 39% of patients. 4 New effective treatment is therefore crucial to improve survivability and should be subject to intensive study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honokiol and Magnolol Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells

Songjang¹,

Jiraviriyakul²

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poorly differentiated ovarian clear cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines, ES-2 and SKOV3 were kindly provided from Prof. Seiji Okada, Centre for AIDS Research Kumamoto University, Japan. Cell lines were maintained in Dulbecco's modified ABSTRACT Introduction: Ovarian cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death among women. The growth, persistence, and cancer metastasis are causes of poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Honokiol and magnolol are derivative compounds extracted from the root and stem bark of Magnolia officinalis. Many studies have reported that honokiol and magnolol have anti-tumour effects on various types of cancer. The present study investigates the anti-tumour effect of these compounds on human ovarian cancer. Methods: Ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and ES-2 cells were tested with honokiol and magnolol to determine their responses including the cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, induction of cell apoptosis and metastasis ability. Result: The results indicate that low concentrations of honokiol and magnolol suppressed the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through induction of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and down-regulation of the cyclin D1 protein. These compounds also exhibited an anti-metastatic ability mediated by inhibiting migration, adhesion, and MMP activities. Additionally, high concentrations of honokiol and magnolol could activate cell death associated with the apoptosis signalling pathway, either along an intrinsic or extrinsic pathway. Conclusions: The data provides evidence that honokiol and magnolol have potential anti-tumour properties and minimal toxicity on normal cells, and could therefore be applied in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

show abstract

Recent Advances in Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Ovarian Cancer

Cited by 21 publications

References 109 publications

Chemokines are Underestimated in Preventing the Metastasizing and the Immune Elimination of Ovarian Cancer

Chemokines are Underestimated in Preventing the Metastasizing and the Immune Elimination of Ovarian Cancer

Loss of MED12 Induces Tumor Dormancy in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via Downregulation of EGFR

Honokiol and Magnolol Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About