Recent advances in ultrasound in the diagnosis and evaluation of the activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

Cairang, Yangdan; Zhang, Lingqiang; Ren, Bin; Fan, Haining; Lü, Ming-De

doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07262-0

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Pathogens 2022, 11, 239 2 of 13 Over the last decades, substantial progress has been made in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of cestode infections, including human echinococcosis [6,7]. To date, primary diagnosis of the disease is mainly based on imaging procedures and immunological testing for the confirmation of suspect imaging results, i.e., in particular, serological antibody detection in patient sera or immunohistochemistry from tissue samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Serological Markers in Alveolar Echinococcosis Emphasizing the Correlation of PET-CTI Tracer Uptake with RecEm18 and Echinococcus-Specific IgG

et al. 2022

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Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which is caused by the cestode Echinococcus (E.) multilocularis, is an epidemiologically relevant issue in modern medicine and still poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Since diagnosis mainly relies on imaging procedures and serological testing, we retrospectively and comparatively analyzed the performance of an Echinococcus IgG screening ELISA, whole serum IgE, and two specific confirmatory ELISA platforms using the defined E. multilocularis antigens Em2-Em18 (Em2+) and recombinant Em18 (recEm18). With special emphasis on the clinical usefulness of recEm18, we correlated the laboratory results with clinical characteristics and imaging findings in a large and well-characterized cohort of N = 124 AE patients, who were followed over several years after either surgical plus subsequent pharmacological treatment or pharmacotherapy alone. All patients had routinely received PET-CTI every two years. Our data reveal strong correlations for both Echinococcus IgG and recEm18 with tracer uptake in PET-CTI and parasitic lesion size and number, suggesting additional clinical usefulness of recEm18 for certain constellations only, while IgG and Em2+ still appear reasonable and sensitive screening methods for initial diagnosis of AE. With this study, we aim to contribute to further optimizing medical care of AE patients. For instance, it might be reasonable to consider the replacement of some PET-CTI follow-ups by imaging procedures with less radiation exposure or serological means alone. Further studies that clarify the correlation of serological markers with ultrasound criteria might be particularly useful, and further retrospective as well as prospective investigations are justified in this context.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Serological Markers in Alveolar Echinococcosis Emphasizing the Correlation of PET-CTI Tracer Uptake with RecEm18 and Echinococcus-Specific IgG

et al. 2022

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“…Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis , which is rarer but far more severe than cystic echinococcosis (CE) resulting from an infection of E. granulosus [ 1 , 2 ]. Humans get infected by the ingestion of infective eggs and the larval stage of the cestode is developed in the liver as cyst-like metacestode vesicles [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization with EmCRT-Induced Protective Immunity against Echinococcus multilocularis Infection in BALB/c Mice

et al. 2022

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Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. The identification of the antigens eliciting acquired immunity during infection is important for vaccine development against Echinococcus infection. Here, we identified that E. multilocularis calreticulin (EmCRT), a ubiquitous protein with a Ca2+-binding ability, could be recognized by the sera of mice infected with E. multilocularis. The native EmCRT was expressed on the surface of E. multilocularis larvae as well as in the secreted products of metacestode vesicles and protoscoleces (PSCs). The coding DNA for EmCRT was cloned from the mRNA of the E. multilocularis metacestode vesicles and a recombinant EmCRT protein (rEmCRT) was expressed in E. coli. Mice immunized with soluble rEmCRT formulated with Freund’s adjuvant (FA) produced a 43.16% larval vesicle weight reduction against the challenge of E. multilocularis PSCs compared to those that received the PBS control associated with a high titer of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses as well as high levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10), produced by splenocytes. Our results suggest that EmCRT is an immunodominant protein secreted by E. multilocularis larvae and a vaccine candidate that induces partial protective immunity in vaccinated mice against Echinococcus infection.

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“…The growth of Alveolar Echinococcosis lesions is invasive in the host body, as newly diagnosed AE patients usually have reached an advanced stage and the death rate of patients in 10 years without treatment could reach 90% [5,6], so it also called "worm cancer" [7]. Therefore, AE is considered to be one of the most lethal chronic parasitosis diseases and seriously threat to life and health [1,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 Macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2022

Pathogens and Global Health

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Background: Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The primary objective of this study is to explore whether Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces (PSCs) regulate macrophage polarization and glucose metabolism by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods: Macrophage polarization were analyzed by ow cytometry, PI3K, Akt, pAKT, and mTOR were detected by western blot, and cell metabolic was analyzed by seahorse.Results: Large numbers of CD68 + macrophages gathered in close liver issue from the lesion in AE patients. PSCs preferentially differentiated into M2 macrophages and the expressions of HK1, PFKL, PKM2, PI3K, pAKT, and mTOR increased with the extension of co-culture time.Conclusions: Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

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Recent advances in ultrasound in the diagnosis and evaluation of the activity of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluation of Serological Markers in Alveolar Echinococcosis Emphasizing the Correlation of PET-CTI Tracer Uptake with RecEm18 and Echinococcus-Specific IgG

Evaluation of Serological Markers in Alveolar Echinococcosis Emphasizing the Correlation of PET-CTI Tracer Uptake with RecEm18 and Echinococcus-Specific IgG

Immunization with EmCRT-Induced Protective Immunity against Echinococcus multilocularis Infection in BALB/c Mice

Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 Macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

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