Recent advances in ultra‐trace determination of uranium in natural water using total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry

Abstract

This review article describes some of the recent advances in ultra‐trace determination of uranium in various natural water bodies such as drinking water, underground water, seawater, etc. using total reflection x‐ray florescence (TXRF) spectrometry. Uranium is one of the most hazardous element having chemical as well as radio‐toxicity. However, due to its low concentration in water samples, direct determination is seldom possible in samples with high salt content. Various sample preconcentration and selective extraction techniques for uranium such as solvent extraction, dispersive liquid–liquid micro extraction, solid phase extraction, and membrane based preconcentration methods are summarized in this article. TXRF is a very versatile micro‐analytical technique with detection limits in picogram range and having multielemental analysis capability. TXRF determination of uranium using U Lα as the analytical line has many analytical challenges and difficulties, mainly due to the severe interference with Rb and Br, both are commonly available in natural water samples. This article highlights some of these challenges, along with the advantages and disadvantages of the different sample preparation techniques used so far for uranium determination in natural water samples by TXRF.

Histone acetylation: a key determinant of acquired cisplatin resistance in cancer

“…Cisplatin uptake was estimated using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF). TXRF is an advanced variant of EDXRF used for trace and ultra trace elemental analysis in variety of matrices [ 13 ]. ~ 10 6 cells were treated with 20 µM of cisplatin for 24 h. Cells were harvested dissolved in concentrated nitric acid in a water-bath for 6–8 h at 70 °C.…”

Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Solid-Phase Extraction of Uranium for on-Site Determination by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

“…6 On the other hand, in response to the escalating global energy demand, scientists worldwide are actively exploring economically viable technologies for uranium recovery from unconventional sources such as seawater, phosphoric acid, and phosphate fertilizers. 7 Therefore, the on-site ultrasensitive detection and efficient enrichment of uranium from water bodies are crucial for preventing and controlling uranium pollution, as well as facilitating its remediation.…”

“…The uranium contamination poses a significant threat to both the ecosystem and human health. − From a theoretical standpoint, uranium can exist in five oxidation states; however, the uranyl ion, [UO 2 ] 2+ , is the most prevalent and stable form in an aqueous solution. , The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) clearly mandates that the maximum contaminant level (MCL) and provisional guideline value of U­(VI) in drinking water should be 30 μg/L . On the other hand, in response to the escalating global energy demand, scientists worldwide are actively exploring economically viable technologies for uranium recovery from unconventional sources such as seawater, phosphoric acid, and phosphate fertilizers . Therefore, the on-site ultrasensitive detection and efficient enrichment of uranium from water bodies are crucial for preventing and controlling uranium pollution, as well as facilitating its remediation.…”