Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review

Abstract

Various non-invasive administrations have recently emerged as an alternative to conventional needle injections. A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) represents the most attractive method among these because of its low rejection rate, excellent ease of administration, and superb convenience and persistence among patients. TDDS could be applicable in not only pharmaceuticals but also in the skin care industry, including cosmetics. Because this method mainly involves local administration, it can prevent local buildup in drug concentration and nonspecific delivery to tissues not targeted by the drug. However, the physicochemical properties of the skin translate to multiple obstacles and restrictions in transdermal delivery, with numerous investigations conducted to overcome these bottlenecks. In this review, we describe the different types of available TDDS methods, along with a critical discussion of the specific advantages and disadvantages, characterization methods, and potential of each method. Progress in research on these alternative methods has established the high efficiency inherent to TDDS, which is expected to find applications in a wide range of fields.

Fabrication of Tizanidine Loaded Patches Using Flaxseed Oil and Coriander Oil as a Penetration Enhancer for Transdermal Delivery

“…Drugs use fatty acids to penetrate the skin [ 58 ]. Fatty acids are also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals because they are a component of the human skin [ 59 ]. This study indicates that flaxseed oil is effective at a 5% concentration for tizanidine transdermal patches.…”

The Emerging Role of Ionic Liquid-Based Approaches for Enhanced Skin Permeation of Bioactive Molecules: A Snapshot of the Past Couple of Years

“…Lipid-based/inspired nanosystems stem from ancient knowledge on the value of fatty acids and derived hydrolyzable lipids, especially phospholipids, to enhance percutaneous absorption of a variety of substances for both health- and beauty-care. Phospholipid-based emulsions, as well as micellar and liposomal formulations for skin care are all around us, hence it comes as no surprise that lipid-based/inspired nanocarriers have a prominent role in current approaches for DTD of [bio]pharmaceuticals [ 1 , 3 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Still, nanosystems that do not [exclusively] derive from natural lipids have been thoroughly explored for percutaneous permeation of bioactive molecules; organic nanoformulations comprising either natural or synthetic polymers and/or surfactants other than natural lipids can be found in recent literature, covering distinct types of dendrimers, nanoparticles (NPs), nanoemulsions (NEs), micelles, and hydrogels, for diverse purposes.…”

“…Still, nanosystems that do not [exclusively] derive from natural lipids have been thoroughly explored for percutaneous permeation of bioactive molecules; organic nanoformulations comprising either natural or synthetic polymers and/or surfactants other than natural lipids can be found in recent literature, covering distinct types of dendrimers, nanoparticles (NPs), nanoemulsions (NEs), micelles, and hydrogels, for diverse purposes. Likewise, inorganic nanosystems, including metallic, non-metallic, and magnetic NPs, among others, have been employed for DTD of [bio]pharmaceuticals [ 42 , 44 ].…”

Design and clinical developments of aptamer-drug conjugates for targeted cancer therapy

“…They can be used to diagnose cancer, block cancer signals, or deliver drugs to cancer. The drug delivery System refers to a series of physicochemical techniques that can regulate the delivery and release of pharmaceutically active substances into cells [ 19 ]. In this paper, we will discuss the overall content of aptamers used in cancer treatment and the role of aptamers in cancer drug delivery.…”