Recent advances in tissue stem cells

Abstract

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation, giving rise to specialized functional cells. Stem cells are of pivotal importance for organ and tissue development, homeostasis, and injury and disease repair. Tissue-specific stem cells are a rare population residing in specific tissues and present powerful potential for regeneration when required. They are usually named based on the resident tissue, such as hematopoietic stem cells and germline stem cells. This review discusses the recent advances in stem cells of various tissues, including neural stem cells, muscle stem cells, liver progenitors, pancreatic islet stem/progenitor cells, intestinal stem cells, and prostate stem cells, and the future perspectives for tissue stem cell research. neural stem cells, muscle stem cells, liver progenitors, pancreatic islet stem/progenitor cells, intestinal stem cells, prostate stem cells

Intestinal cellular heterogeneity and disease development revealed by single-cell technology

“…ScRNAseq makes it possible to detect the subtypes and their function difference at the single-cell level of the intestinal epithelium and the surrounding niche cells. More information about ISCs can be found in a recent review (Fu et al, 2021).…”

“…1A). The intestinal epithelium undergoes a fast turnover, which is driven by the intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the bottom of crypts (Fu et al, 2021). ISCs continuously self-renew and meantime generate transient-amplifying (TA) cells and progenitors, which then differentiate into mature functional cell types.…”

Cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers for targeted therapy of pulmonary disease

“…Some stem cells, like MSCs, embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, are multi-potential differentiated cells that have an ability to self-replicate ( Fu et al, 2021 ). In addition, stem cells have homing ability, which navigates stem cells to target to injured organs through combining chemokines, adhesion molecules and growth factors released by target organs with corresponding receptors expressed on the surface of stem cells ( Cui and Madeddu, 2011 , Tao et al, 2018 ).…”

Regulation of muscle stem cell fate

“…A well-knitted cell-intrinsic regulatory network responds to the microenvironment cues and determines the cell fate conversion of MuSCs. The epigenetic and transcription regulatory armamentarium is critical to the cell-intrinsic network controlling MuSC fate transition (Fu et al 2021 ). Here, the recent advances in the microenvironments, epigenetic, and transcription regulation of MuSCs are briefly reviewed.…”