Recent Advances in Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass

Abstract

The chapter focuses on recent trends of biomass conversion into valuable energy, chemicals, gaseous and liquid fuels. Biomass is presently the largest source of renewable energy and the primary bioenergy resource in the world. A comprehensive discussion on different types, sources and compositions of biomass is presented. The most abundant biomass on the earth is lignocellulose and it represents a major carbon source for chemical compounds and biofuels. The chapter presents a thorough review of lignocellulosic biomass and the importance of biomass as a renewable source. It then reviews biomass classification and composition. It introduces the analysis of biomass feedstock. Biomass is converted to energy, chemicals and clean fuels using various conversion techniques such as thermochemical, chemical and biochemical. The chapter provides a thorough examination of thermochemical conversion processes that use high temperatures to break down the bonds of organic matter. It briefly introduces combustion and gasification, followed by a comprehensive review of different pyrolysis techniques.

Integrated Methodology for the Optimal Synthesis of Lignocellulosic Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Production Processes: 1. Simulation-Based Superstructure Synthesis and Development

“…The European continent has nearly 215 million ha of forest land and other wooded land, which accounts for almost 30% of the continent´s land area and around 5% of the world´s forests. 20 One of the major resources in Northern Europe is softwood. A mixture of Scots pine and Norway Spruce is the most common softwood stand in the Nordic Countries.…”

“…Likewise, the chemical composition in terms of elemental analysis is also very important to anticipate the decomposition behavior and product portfolio. 20 In this work, spruce and pine residues were selected as raw material and were defined based on their chemical composition as depicted in Table 1 22,23 . The moisture content of the softwood biomass was reduced from 30 wt.…”

Biomass Valorization to Chemicals over Cobalt Nanoparticles on SBA-15

“…The demand for chemicals is gradually increasing in modern life as it serves as raw materials for the production of commodities such as drugs, preservatives, fibers, and paints. In this sense, the conversion of biomass into renewable chemicals and fuels has gained much attention as it is one of the keys to a sustainable society [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, the use of edible carbohydrates as a biomass source for chemical manufacture has resulted in a food corps competition [9].…”

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Characterization of Pyrolysis Bio-oils: A Review

“…An example of the materials listed in Annex IX of the RED II directive is nonfood/-feed biomass . Biomass can be converted into advanced biofuels using various technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization, etc. , Liquid products of biomass pyrolysis designated as (pyrolysis) bio-oils and products of their hydrotreatment are of interest to this review.…”

“…Thermal, catalytic, and hydrotreated bio-oils typically contain thousands of different, mostly oxygen-containing (O-containing) compounds. , In these compounds, oxygen is present as a part of one or several functional groups . In general, bio-oil compounds have a wide distribution of physical and chemical properties such as density, viscosity, polarity, boiling point, and molecular weight. , Thus, the chemical characterization of the bio-oils is very complicated. Bio-oil analytics has faced several serious challenges.…”