Recent advances in theranostic agents based on natural products for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy

Abstract

The integration of diagnosis and therapy based on natural products has been receiving considerable attention in recent years because nature can contribute many fantastic functional molecules with good biocompatibility and low toxicity. Diagnostic and therapeutic agents combined with the technique of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) have been extensively developed thanks to the advantages of PDT and SDT, such as good selectivity, low toxicity, and noninvasive treatment for cancers and other diseases compared with traditional treatments. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in theranostic agents for natural products categorized as porphyrins, perylenequinone, curcumin, and others. Some representative examples of disease diagnosis in fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging and disease treatment in PDT/SDT were introduced. Potential limitations and future perspectives of these natural products for theranostic agents were also discussed.

ONC201/TIC10 Is Empowered by 2-Deoxyglucose and Causes Metabolic Reprogramming in Medulloblastoma Cells in Vitro Independent of C-Myc Expression

“…For instance the use of nanodrugs or Janus particles have been described to allow for a better drug delivery and drug distribution across tumor tissue to avoid suboptimal local drug dosing and a subsequent selection of resistant clones (Su et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2020). In addition, the combination of anti-metabolic strategies with treatment modalities such as photodynamic or sonodynamic therapy using a different anti-neoplastic mechanism may add further therapeutic benefits and counteract therapeutic resistance (Wu et al, 2020).…”

Sustainable Carbon Materials toward Emerging Applications

“…[ 163,164 ] Thereinto, carbon materials afford a key role in disease diagnosis and therapy by their superior capability in biosensing. [ 165,166 ] Currently, the detection platform has been mainly relied on the noble metal‐based nanomaterials (such as Au, [ 167 ] Ag, [ 168,169 ] Pt, [ 170 ] and Pd [ 171 ] ) due to their plasmonic resonance. [ 172 ] In comparison to noble metals, carbon nanomaterials display the advantages for biosensing due to following three aspects: 1) the carbon nanomaterials are more cost‐effective than noble metals (carbon of ≈$ 0.03 per gram, Au of ≈$60 per gram/Ag of ≈$25 per gram/Pt of ≈$34 per gram); [ 173,174 ] 2) the carbon nanomaterials are obtained from plentiful raw materials especially sustainable biomass materials, superior to the noble metals with limited source; 3) the carbon nanomaterials are prepared with uniformity and structural diversity, while preparing noble metals with controllable composition and structures have been still limited.…”

“…The natural carbon materials, such as porphyrins, perylenequinone, and curcumin, have been applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). [ 165,197 ] There is also a small molecule polyphenol of gallic acid (GA) that can assist in imaging‐guided cancer therapy after coordinating with iron ions. [ 198,199 ] Besides, some functionalized biomass carbon materials could be utilized as fluorescence nanoprobe and photosensitizer for simultaneous in vivo near‐infrared fluorescence imaging and tumor treatment.…”

The Current Status of Chlorin e6-Based Nanoscale Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy

“…With the continuous progress of nanotechnology, various cancer diagnosis and treatment technologies developed based on new nanomaterials have aroused the interest of many scholars. PDT and SDT have achieved significant development due to their excellent targeting, extremely low toxicity, and the advantages of minimally invasive treatment [56]. Moreover, more and more natural products suitable for PDT and SDT have been discovered.…”