Recent advances in the utilization of glycerol for the production of lactic acid by catalysis

Abstract

In this review, the research progress on catalytic conversion of glycerol to lactic acid or lactate esters and the reaction mechanisms with different catalysis systems are summarized. Both homogeneous catalysts, including inorganic bases and metal complexes, and heterogeneous catalysts, including metal oxides, molecular sieves, polyoxometalates and noble and non‐noble metals, are discussed. In particular, the influence of catalyst components, the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts and additives and solvents on the catalytic performances are highlighted. In comparison, nano‐metal particles or bimetal catalysts could achieve good catalytic performance, in which the alloy and synergistic effects might form under certain conditions. For further improvement of the sustainable transformation of glycerol to lactic acid or lactate esters, attention should still be paid to rational design of novel cost‐effective, high‐efficiency and green catalytic systems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Valorization of bio-renewable glycerol by catalytic amination reactions

“…propane-1,2-diol (24), which then undergoes dehydration to give acrolein (8). Next, acrolein reacts with amine and generates imine (25), which on reduction provides propylamine (26). The dehydrogenation of glycerol also leads to the formation of glyceraldehyde (10) which upon cleavage gives formaldehyde (6) and glycolaldehyde (27).…”

“…23 Despite these facts, over the past decade, noticeable research has been devoted to the use of glycerol in the synthesis and energy sectors, for example, in hydrogen generation, methanol production, as fuel additives including the production of bulk chemicals such as acrylic acid, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol carbonate, epichlorohydrin, and solketal and others. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]20,[24][25][26][27] To valorize glycerol both chemical and biological processes such as dehydration, oxidation, hydrogenolysis, etherification, esterification, and amination processes have been applied. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In the literature, it has been reported that glycerol dehydration mainly produces both acrolein and hydroxyacetone.…”

Low-Temperature Catalytic Oxidation of Glycerol to Glyceric Acid over Zr@MCM-41 Supported Pt Catalyst

“…This phenomenon not only led to a signi cant drop in the market price of glycerol, but also limited the development of the biodiesel industry to a certain extent [2] . Therefore, catalytic transformation of glycerol to value-added products have attracted a lot of attention [3][4][5][6] .…”

Efficient Conversion of Methyl Lactate to Methyl Acrylate over Cesium-Modified Al-Rich Beta Zeolites

“…The catalytic transformation of biomass platform molecules from biomass into useful products has received much attention recently. − For example, lactic acid (LA) and lactate as valuable biomass molecules have been extensively investigated. − Lactate can be converted into various fine chemicals such as pyruvate, acrylate, and lactide. − Among them, methyl acrylate (MA) has drawn significant interest because of its wide application as a significant monomer for producing adhesives, plastics, coatings, textile fibers, leather finishing, and precursors of carbon fiber. ,− …”