Recent Advances in the Understanding of Egg Allergens: Basic, Industrial, and Clinical Perspectives

Mine, Yoshinori; Yang, Marie

doi:10.1021/jf8001153

Cited by 165 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…Ovalbumin (OVA) and ovomucoid (OM) were identified as egg white allergen epitopes, constituting about 54 and 11% of egg white protein, respectively (8,9). OM is heat resistant and has high allergenicity (10,11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rush Oral Immunotherapy Does Not Reduce Allergic Response in Mice with Mild Allergy to Egg White Ovomucoid

Maeta

Kaji

Nagaishi

et al. 2015

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising therapeutic approach for treating food allergy. Past studies have shown that OIT reduces allergic response only in severe allergy model mice. We worked to establish mild allergy model mice, and investigated whether 'rush' OIT for 10 d improved the allergic response and biomarkers in these mice. Balb/c mice were sensitized to ovomucoid (OM) in alum. The rush OIT was done for 10 d. Oral OM challenge was used to determine the impact of OIT on the allergic response. We measured allergic biomarkers, such as vascular permeability in the skin, plasma levels of total IgE, OM-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a and cytokines in splenocyte culture supernatant. OIT for 10 d did not improve allergy symptoms and increased vascular permeability. Total IgE in the plasma of OIT-treated mice was significantly higher than in that of non-treated mice. OM-specific IgG1 and IgG2a plasma levels were not significantly different between OIT-treated and non-treated mice. Among the cytokine secretion of splenocyte from OITtreated mice, IFN-g and IL-10 were significantly lower than in non-treated mice, and IL-4 and IL-5 were significantly higher. Total TGF-b in the OIT-treated group was not detected. The IFN-g/IL-4 ratio of the OIT-treated group was about 1/8 that of the non-treated group. OIT for 10 d was not effective and some biomarkers showed negative responses in the mild allergy model mice. We suggest OIT should be used very carefully as this treatment carries a risk of worsening allergy symptoms for mice with mild allergy. Key Words oral immunotherapy, food allergy, allergy model mice Food allergies affect about 3% of the overall population and up to 4-6% of children (1-3). In recent times, the prevalence of reported food allergy has increased 18% among children under 18 y of age (2, 3). Dietary avoidance of specific allergens is recommended as the first-line approach in the management of food allergy (1, 2). Recently, oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been studied as a new treatment for food allergy (2,4,5). OIT uses small amounts of food allergen to desensitize the patient. However, OIT is not often recommended because it carries the risk of increasing allergy symptoms (2, 6).In Japan, egg allergy has been reported as the most prevalent food hypersensitivity in the pediatric population, exceeding cow's milk allergy (7). Ovalbumin (OVA) and ovomucoid (OM) were identified as egg white allergen epitopes, constituting about 54 and 11% of egg white protein, respectively (8,9). OM is heat resistant and has high allergenicity (10, 11). It is a well-known trypsin inhibitor (8). This suggested that OIT for OM (egg)-specific allergy patients may be a highly effective treatment and a pathway to allergen tolerance.As research in this area has been limited, there is inadequate evidence to establish proper OIT protocols, such as allergen dosage, escalation, duration of therapy and method of administration (2). OIT protocols are categorized as either 'slow' or 'rush.' In slow OIT, the allergen dose is increas...

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confidence: 99%

“…OM is heat resistant and has high allergenicity (10,11). It is a well-known trypsin inhibitor (8). This suggested that OIT for OM (egg)-specific allergy patients may be a highly effective treatment and a pathway to allergen tolerance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rush Oral Immunotherapy Does Not Reduce Allergic Response in Mice with Mild Allergy to Egg White Ovomucoid

Maeta

Kaji

Nagaishi

et al. 2015

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Among the patients who passed the initial OFC, 130 patients declined to have RE OFC, while 113 underwent the second OFC: 55 passed and 58 failed. As the patients who failed CE OFC are unlikely to pass RE OFC because of the high allergenicity of raw egg 23, they were included in the analysis for RE OFC as positive (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive values of egg‐specific IgE by two commonly used assay systems for the diagnosis of egg allergy in young children: a prospective multicenter study

Furuya

Nagao

Sato

et al. 2016

Allergy

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BackgroundSpecific IgE (sIgE) is often used to predict oral food challenge (OFC) outcomes in food allergy, but interpretation of the results may vary depending on the assay method employed and the patient population tested. The aim of this study was to use two commercial assay systems to determine egg‐sIgE values predictive of allergy within the most common populations treated at pediatric clinics.MethodsIn a multicenter prospective study, 433 children with suspected or confirmed egg allergy underwent oral challenge (OFC) using cooked egg (CE) and raw egg (RE) powders to diagnose either true allergy in 1‐year‐old (group A, n = 220) or tolerance in 2‐ to 6‐year‐old (group B, n = 213). Egg white (EW)‐ and ovomucoid (OM)‐sIgE values were measured using the ImmunoCAP ® sIgE (ImmunoCAP) and the IMMULITE ® 2000 3 gAllergy™ (3gAllergy) systems. Children were recruited from six primary care clinics and 18 hospitals in Japan.ResultsReceiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded similar areas under the curve (AUC) for the two assays (0.7–0.8). The optimal cutoff values and the probability curves (PCs) of the sIgE by the two assays to predict CE and RE OFC outcomes were determined for both groups. Values for 3gAllergy were higher than for ImmunoCAP; however, correlation of sIgE and predicted probability calculated by PCs were strong between the two methods.ConclusionsCutoff values and PCs for egg‐sIgE established using both ImmunoCAP and 3gAllergy may be useful for predicting egg allergy in early childhood patient populations.

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“…However, our results do not support this assumption. OM is a well-known trypsin inhibitor (5,6). Oga et al reported that body weight gain in rats fed a 1% quail OM diet was significantly lower than in rats fed a 20% casein diet (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japan, egg allergy is the most prevalent food hypersensitivity among the pediatric population, exceeding cow's milk allergy (4). A major cause of egg allergy is ovomucoid (OM), which constitutes approximately 11% of egg white protein (5,6). Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a new treatment for food allergies (4,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Intake of Diet Including 1% Ovomucoid for 4 Weeks Induces Oral Desensitization in Ovomucoid-Specific Allergic Mouse Model

Maeta

Sakamoto

Yuki

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryWe propose a new oral immunotherapy (OIT) method that includes a small amount of a food allergen in the diet. However, it is not clear whether this method will induce oral desensitization and immune tolerance. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effectiveness using a 1% food allergen diet in an allergic mouse model. C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized to ovomucoid (OM) in alum four times at 12-d intervals. Sensitized mice were divided into two groups: the OIT group (19% casein diet with 1% OM) and the non-treated group (20% casein diet without OM). The non-sensitized mice served as the non-allergy group. The OIT treatment was performed for 4 wk. To assess desensitization and immune tolerance, we performed oral and intraperitoneal OM challenges, assessed vascular permeability of the dorsal skin, and measured allergic biomarkers. The OIT group exhibited significantly lower oral symptom scores and vascular permeability than the non-treated group, but the two groups did not differ in intraperitoneal allergy symptom scores. Furthermore, the OIT group had significantly higher OM-specific IgA levels in their plasma than the non-treated group. However, the plasma levels of OM-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a were not significantly different between the OIT and the non-treated groups. These results suggest that the proposed OIT using an OM-supplemented diet may induce desensitization, but not immune tolerance, in an OM allergic mouse model. Key Words oral immunotherapy, ovomucoid, food allergy, diet Globally, 240-550 million people may suffer from food allergies (1). Recently, the prevalence of food allergies has increased by 18% among children under 18 y of age (2, 3). Dietary avoidance of specific allergens is recommended as the first-line approach in the management of food allergy (4). In Japan, egg allergy is the most prevalent food hypersensitivity among the pediatric population, exceeding cow's milk allergy (4). A major cause of egg allergy is ovomucoid (OM), which constitutes approximately 11% of egg white protein (5, 6). Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a new treatment for food allergies (4, 7). This treatment involves inducing desensitization through continuous food-allergen intake. However, according to the Japanese pediatric guidelines for food-allergy treatment, OIT is not often recommended because of the risk of inducing the allergic symptoms during the treatment (4). Moreover, current data are inadequate to establish proper OIT protocols, such as allergen dose and timing, need for escalation, therapy duration, and routes of administration.There are some reports of the OIT protocol in an allergic mouse model (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). We propose a new OIT regimen that involves mixing a small amount of allergen powder in the diet. Some merits of this OIT method are: 1) the allergen dose is divided, 2) allergen doses ingested can be easily adjusted, and 3) the taste and smell of the allergen is masked. Few reports exist regarding the relationship between oral desensitization and an allergencontaining diet in allergic ...

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Recent Advances in the Understanding of Egg Allergens: Basic, Industrial, and Clinical Perspectives

Cited by 165 publications

References 287 publications

Rush Oral Immunotherapy Does Not Reduce Allergic Response in Mice with Mild Allergy to Egg White Ovomucoid

Rush Oral Immunotherapy Does Not Reduce Allergic Response in Mice with Mild Allergy to Egg White Ovomucoid

Predictive values of egg‐specific IgE by two commonly used assay systems for the diagnosis of egg allergy in young children: a prospective multicenter study

Intake of Diet Including 1% Ovomucoid for 4 Weeks Induces Oral Desensitization in Ovomucoid-Specific Allergic Mouse Model

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