Recent advances in the transition-metal-free synthesis of quinoxalines

Abstract

Recent advances in the synthesis of quinoxalines under transition metal free conditions are summarized in this review article.

Ultrasound-assisted transition-metal-free catalysis: a sustainable route towards the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles

“… 162 Because of the signs mentioned above of quinoxalines, a wide range of synthetic protocols have been devised for their construction. 162 …”

“…[159][160][161] They have been established to exhibit a signicant therapeutic potential such as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inammatory, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, antituberculosis, antiviral, etc. 162 Because of the signs mentioned above of quinoxalines, a wide range of synthetic protocols have been devised for their construction. 162 To realize the outstanding participation of quinoxalines in drug design and discovery, Rouhani and Ramazani in 2018 disclosed an isocyanide-based multicomponent approach for rapid access to a variety of highly functionalized quinoxalines by introducing ultrasound irradiation as a robust alternative activation approach (Scheme 33).…”

“…162 Because of the signs mentioned above of quinoxalines, a wide range of synthetic protocols have been devised for their construction. 162 To realize the outstanding participation of quinoxalines in drug design and discovery, Rouhani and Ramazani in 2018 disclosed an isocyanide-based multicomponent approach for rapid access to a variety of highly functionalized quinoxalines by introducing ultrasound irradiation as a robust alternative activation approach (Scheme 33). 163 In this regard, a one-pot three-component reaction between aldehydes 23, with 1,2diamine 118, and isocyanide 119 in the presence of perlite-SO 3 H nanoparticles as the efficient catalyst was performed in ethanol under ultrasound irradiation for a time of 37-42 minutes at room temperature.…”

“…159–161 They have been established to exhibit a significant therapeutic potential such as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, antituberculosis, antiviral, etc. 162 Because of the signs mentioned above of quinoxalines, a wide range of synthetic protocols have been devised for their construction. 162…”

Direct C‐2 arylation of quinoxaline with arylhydrazine salts as arylation reagents

“…Due to the wide activity of quinoxaline derivatives, many methods have been developed to synthesize it [12]. By far, the traditional construction of quinoxaline scaffold main include condensation of 1,2‐aryldiamines with α‐diketones [13], oxidative cyclization of α‐halo aromatic ketones and 1,2‐aryldiamines [14], addition reaction of 1,2‐diamine, and alkynes [15].…”