Recent advances in the synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have become the widely used metal oxide nanoparticles and drawn the interest of global researchers due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, sustainability and cost-effective properties. Due to their unique optical and chemical properties, it emerges as a potential candidate in the fields of optical, electrical, food packaging and biomedical applications. Biological methods using green or natural routes are more environmentally friendly, simple and less use of hazardous techniques than chemical and/or physical methods in the long run. In addition, ZnONPs are less harmful and biodegradable while having the ability to greatly boost pharmacophore bioactivity. They play an important role in cell apoptosis because they enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release zinc ions (Zn 2+ ), causing cell death. Furthermore, these ZnONPs work well in conjunction with components that aid in wound healing and biosensing to track minute amounts of biomarkers connected to a variety of illnesses. Overall, the present review discusses the synthesis and most recent developments of ZnONPs from green sources including leaves, stems, bark, roots, fruits, flowers, bacteria, fungi, algae and protein, as well as put lights on their biomedical applications such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, wound healing, and drug delivery, and modes of action associated. Finally, the future perspectives of biosynthesized ZnONPs in research and biomedical applications are discussed. Graphical abstract

A Data Mining Study of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Utilization in Drug Delivery Nanosystems

“…The cluster's investigations span the feasibility of leveraging ZnO NPs against viral infections, notably SARS‐CoV and COVID, with a robust occurrence count (19, 24, 16, 18, and 17). [ 118–120 ] Additionally, it embarks on the endeavor of characterizing these nanoparticles using UV‐Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV‐Vis DRS) and advanced computational modeling techniques like density functional theory (DFT). [ 121 ] The average publication years for these terms, between 2021.0 and 2021.7, underscore these research pursuits’ immediacy and practical significance.…”

Antibacterial efficacy of Rumex dentatus leaf extract-enriched zinc oxide and iron doped zinc nanoparticles: a comparative study

“…Different researchers utilized a green synthesis method approach to synthesize ZnO materials and doped ZnO materials for anti-bacterial activity. Previous studies have explored the zinc oxide nanoparticles that have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications due to their inherent antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and low toxicity to human cells [56,57]. The antibacterial mechanism of ZnO…”

ZnO based 0–3D diverse nano-architectures, films and coatings for biomedical applications

“…Although ZnO has been researched extensively, thin films composed of 0–3D nano-architectures with promising thin film device bio-nanotechnology applications have rarely been reviewed. For example, several recent published reviews are focused on green synthesis of ZnO materials and biomedical applications 38–44 with major emphasis on the eco-friendly approach of the green synthesis route. Several reviews are focused on some particular biomedical applications such as antibacterial, 45–48 wound healing, 49 cancer therapy, 40,48 drug delivery, 50 bioimaging, 47,51 etc .…”