Recent Advances in the Remediation of Textile-Dye-Containing Wastewater: Prioritizing Human Health and Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Water makes up most of the Earth, although just 0.3% is usable for people and animals. The huge oceans, icecaps, and other non-potable water resources make up the remaining 99.7%. Water quality has declined in recent decades due to pollution from population growth, industry, unplanned urbanization, and poor water management. The textile industry has significant global importance, although it also stands as a major contributor to wastewater generation, leading to water depletion and ecotoxicity. This issue arises from the extensive utilization of harmful chemicals, notably dyes. The main aim of this review article is to combine and assess the impacts of textile wastewater that contains dyes and chemicals, and to examine their potential consequences on human health, aquatic health, and the environment. Moreover, the dedicated section presents an in-depth review of various environmentally sustainable approaches for the management and treatment of wastewater in the textile industry. These approaches encompass bio adsorbents, biological methods, membrane technology, ion exchange, advanced oxidation processes, as well as physicochemical and biochemical processes. Furthermore, this study also evaluates the contemporary progressions in this particular domain, taking into account the corresponding advantages and disadvantages. Finally, this article highlights the significance of recovering and reusing dyes, alkalis, and electrolytes in wastewater treatment. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of performing technoeconomic analyses and life cycle assessments (LCA) on wastewater treatment plants.

Advancing Sustainable Approaches for the Removal and Recycling of Toxic Dyes from the Aquatic Environment

“…Several agricultural and food waste materials have shown promise when used as adsorbents to remove contaminants. These materials include Azolla, banana peel, cabbage waste, chitosan, citrus peel, Citrus limonum leaves, corn cob, orange peel, peanut hull, rice husk, sawdust, and sugar cane bagasse [28]. Adsorbents of all kinds, including hydrogels, metal-organic frameworks, organic polymers, nanomaterials, and others, have been effectively developed for the remediation of wastewater containing dyes [29,30].…”

Utilizing Agricultural Waste for Sustainable Remediation of Textile Dyeing Effluents

“…To address these issues and ensure long-term viability, it's necessary to integrate environmental, economic, and social considerations and develop a sustainable strategy. This requires meeting environmental requirements, as the industry consumes vast amounts of water and generates wastewater with high levels of pollutants, including unfixed dyes (Periyasamy, 2024). Worldwide, the manufacturing and coloring of fabrics release around 140,000 tonnes of toxic substances annually, most of which evade conventional wastewater treatments (Guezzen et al, 2020).…”