Abstract:The majority of patients find that the oral route of drug administration is the most convenient, easy to follow, non- invasive, and physician-preferred method. However, oral biologic administration is not as beneficial as other routes because of mucosal permeability and various gastrointestinal barriers that limit the systemic absorption of complex macromolecules after ingestion. Because of their large molecular size, which results in extremely poor permeability across the intestinal mucosa, biologics are se… Show more
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