Recent advances in the metal–organic framework-based electrocatalysts for trifunctional electrocatalysis

Abstract

The sustainable energy technology is in great demand due to the depletion and the risks associated with the use of fossil fuels. Various energy technologies like regenerative fuel cells, zinc-air...

Engineering organic polymers as emerging sustainable materials for powerful electrocatalysts

“…It is due to the requirement for plenty of suitable active sites, high surface area, porosity, conductivity, and cost-effective catalysts for ORR/OER/HER. 355 Therefore, further investigation is required to explore the application of efficient and durable ORR/OER/HER tri-functional polymer electrocatalysts. Some reported ORR/OER/HER tri-functional electrocatalytic materials include conjugated polymers, 188 MOFs, 356 and graphene/MOFs composites.…”

Recent advances in trifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries and water splitting

“…[16][17][18] Moreover, trifunctional electrocatalysts are highly required for the design of self-driven water electrolysis and integrated battery/electrolyzer systems for the large-scale intermittent and distributed energy storage and H 2 production. [19][20][21] Thus, the development of trifunctional electrocatalysts is more promising than the monofunctional and bifunctional electrocatalysts, because the electrochemical applications of the latter can be easily replaced by the former with high efficiency, but not vice versa.…”

Synthesis, structures and electrocatalytic properties of coordination polymers of 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-tetrakiscarboxyphenylsilane and 1,3,5-tris(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene

“…17,18 Moreover, the electronic properties of metal sites can be tuned by altering the linker, adding further flexibility of catalyst design toward the desired performance. 19,20 Based on such guidelines and the importance of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting, various CP-based electrocatalysts have been designed. [21][22][23][24] One of the major challenges associated with pure CP electrocatalysts is the poor conductivity and facile collapse of structures in highly acidic or alkaline aqueous environments, which has been addressed by compositing or growing CP layers on highly conductive substrates (e.g., metal foams, graphene, conductive polymers).…”

“…17,18 Moreover, the electronic properties of metal sites can be tuned by altering the linker, adding further flexibility of catalyst design toward the desired performance. 19,20 Based on such guidelines and the importance of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting, various CP-based electrocatalysts have been designed. 21–24…”